Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Kim Kaplan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kim Kaplan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, DMT, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119
As your therapist, I hold with deep respect and appreciation the unique role I play in your life. I know it takes a great deal of courage to start therapy and how necessary it is to find the right fit. My aim is to create a welcoming environment where you feel safe, trusting and open to be yourself. My approach is warm, attentive, caring and nonjudgmental. I am licensed in PA and TN, however only offer in-person options for PA residents and telehealth only for TN residents.
As your therapist, I hold with deep respect and appreciation the unique role I play in your life. I know it takes a great deal of courage to start therapy and how necessary it is to find the right fit. My aim is to create a welcoming environment where you feel safe, trusting and open to be yourself. My approach is warm, attentive, caring and nonjudgmental. I am licensed in PA and TN, however only offer in-person options for PA residents and telehealth only for TN residents.
(215) 278-4944 View (215) 278-4944
Photo of Robin Frederick Witts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Robin Frederick Witts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CS, CPRP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19140  (Online Only)
I have been working in mental health for over 15 years providing psychotherapy, supportive counseling and grief counseling. I believe in the strength of the human spirit and I view the client as the expert in their journey to wellness. I hold strength in the statement "I can walk with you but I cannot walk for you".
I have been working in mental health for over 15 years providing psychotherapy, supportive counseling and grief counseling. I believe in the strength of the human spirit and I view the client as the expert in their journey to wellness. I hold strength in the statement "I can walk with you but I cannot walk for you".
(267) 930-1630 View (267) 930-1630
Photo of Stephanie Vituccio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Stephanie Vituccio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My approach to therapy and healing is rooted in the understanding that our experiences with systems of power and oppression and the space we have had to hold our pain can deeply impact our connection to self, the body, and community. I reject the racialized notion that the therapist is the expert in the room, and encourage folks to hold themselves as the expert of their lives. I believe that each person is multi-dimensional, and that they already hold within them the capacity to heal and grow.
My approach to therapy and healing is rooted in the understanding that our experiences with systems of power and oppression and the space we have had to hold our pain can deeply impact our connection to self, the body, and community. I reject the racialized notion that the therapist is the expert in the room, and encourage folks to hold themselves as the expert of their lives. I believe that each person is multi-dimensional, and that they already hold within them the capacity to heal and grow.
(267) 214-5369 View (267) 214-5369
Photo of Jonathan Bittner, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Jonathan Bittner
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118
Do you feel isolated, anxious, hurt, and misunderstood? Does it feel like nobody else can understand the experiences that you went through? Do you feel as though you lost a part of you and you cant find yourself? Does it feel as though the experiences that you went through changed who you are and that you cant seem to understand yourself anymore?
Do you feel isolated, anxious, hurt, and misunderstood? Does it feel like nobody else can understand the experiences that you went through? Do you feel as though you lost a part of you and you cant find yourself? Does it feel as though the experiences that you went through changed who you are and that you cant seem to understand yourself anymore?
(484) 214-2301 View (484) 214-2301
Photo of Jessica Begans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Jessica Begans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Not accepting new clients
We are all in trouble. Some of us are anxious, trying to avoid trouble at all costs. Some of us start trouble with loved ones for reasons we can't understand. Some of us get into trouble at school or at work. And many of us are troubled by past traumas that we can't seem to shake. My aim in therapy is to partner with you around your goals and your values, to figure out what's worth your time and trouble. Therapy is a time, just for you, to heal and grow at your own pace.
We are all in trouble. Some of us are anxious, trying to avoid trouble at all costs. Some of us start trouble with loved ones for reasons we can't understand. Some of us get into trouble at school or at work. And many of us are troubled by past traumas that we can't seem to shake. My aim in therapy is to partner with you around your goals and your values, to figure out what's worth your time and trouble. Therapy is a time, just for you, to heal and grow at your own pace.
(267) 367-6761 View (267) 367-6761
Photo of Caitlin Dwyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Caitlin Dwyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
We all have that moment when we know we’re done trying to figure it out on our own. You want to learn how to better equip yourself to handle challenges with grace and resilience, so that you can be more connected to the present moment and to the people and things that you love. I specialise in working with people affected by chronic medical illness. My clients come to me struggling with fear, grief, guilt, and isolation. They're learning how to adapt to new realities, how to rediscover identity, how to manage anxiety and grief, how to prepare for the future, and how to work through the guilt and worry they have for loved ones.
We all have that moment when we know we’re done trying to figure it out on our own. You want to learn how to better equip yourself to handle challenges with grace and resilience, so that you can be more connected to the present moment and to the people and things that you love. I specialise in working with people affected by chronic medical illness. My clients come to me struggling with fear, grief, guilt, and isolation. They're learning how to adapt to new realities, how to rediscover identity, how to manage anxiety and grief, how to prepare for the future, and how to work through the guilt and worry they have for loved ones.
(267) 282-4186 View (267) 282-4186
Photo of Dr. Margaux Desjardins, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Margaux Desjardins
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Hello! my name is Margaux Desjardins. I'm a Doctor of Psychology with over 15 years of clinical experience. I have specialized skills in listening and understanding human behavior and treating suffering. If you feel stuck: repeatedly thinking, feeling, or behaving in ways that ultimately cause you pain, talk therapy can help. By meeting regularly with an impartial but caring professional who is concerned only for your growth and development, you will come to learn about yourself in new ways and discover how to achieve the life goals that are most important to you.
Hello! my name is Margaux Desjardins. I'm a Doctor of Psychology with over 15 years of clinical experience. I have specialized skills in listening and understanding human behavior and treating suffering. If you feel stuck: repeatedly thinking, feeling, or behaving in ways that ultimately cause you pain, talk therapy can help. By meeting regularly with an impartial but caring professional who is concerned only for your growth and development, you will come to learn about yourself in new ways and discover how to achieve the life goals that are most important to you.
(484) 600-2149 View (484) 600-2149
Photo of Josh Zlatkus, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Josh Zlatkus
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Hi, I have openings on Tuesday and Wednesday throughout the day, so if that works for your schedule, either in person or virtually, please reach out. Otherwise I am full at the moment. I work best with people who a) think they are too smart for therapy, or too smart to be generally understood, b) have been struggling with the same problem for many years, and/or c) could benefit from insight in addition to empathy.
Hi, I have openings on Tuesday and Wednesday throughout the day, so if that works for your schedule, either in person or virtually, please reach out. Otherwise I am full at the moment. I work best with people who a) think they are too smart for therapy, or too smart to be generally understood, b) have been struggling with the same problem for many years, and/or c) could benefit from insight in addition to empathy.
(215) 515-9135 View (215) 515-9135
Photo of Natasha Taffet, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Natasha Taffet
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Are you fighting, sulking, avoiding each other? Are you having disagreements about sex, money, housework, having children, raising children, moving, changing jobs? Are you feeling lonely, unloved, rejected, put down, bullied, or henpecked? Are you bored? Are you under pressure from family, health, work, or financial issues? With your Partner or Alone, you’ll Learn How to: • Let go of conflict, open up, and live fully in the present • Use mindfulness to increase intimacy, connection, and understanding • Resolve painful conflicts and reconcile long-standing differences • Act on your values to build a rich and meaningful relationship
Are you fighting, sulking, avoiding each other? Are you having disagreements about sex, money, housework, having children, raising children, moving, changing jobs? Are you feeling lonely, unloved, rejected, put down, bullied, or henpecked? Are you bored? Are you under pressure from family, health, work, or financial issues? With your Partner or Alone, you’ll Learn How to: • Let go of conflict, open up, and live fully in the present • Use mindfulness to increase intimacy, connection, and understanding • Resolve painful conflicts and reconcile long-standing differences • Act on your values to build a rich and meaningful relationship
(215) 660-4379 View (215) 660-4379
Photo of Stephanie C Sanger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Stephanie C Sanger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSS, LCSW,PA, LCSW,NJ
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Are you sad or worried? Do you struggle with feeling not good enough in your work or with your relationships? Sometimes it seems that these feelings emerge without explanation, yet other times it feels like these feelings have been with you for years. Having these feelings or difficult memories can leave you feeling lonely, stuck, and isolated. I want to support you and help you to move forward into a happier life.
Are you sad or worried? Do you struggle with feeling not good enough in your work or with your relationships? Sometimes it seems that these feelings emerge without explanation, yet other times it feels like these feelings have been with you for years. Having these feelings or difficult memories can leave you feeling lonely, stuck, and isolated. I want to support you and help you to move forward into a happier life.
(267) 930-2797 View (267) 930-2797
Photo of Victor Tsan in Philadelphia, PA
Victor Tsan
MD, LAC, CHP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19115
My name is Dr. Tsan and I'm medical doctor, certified hypnotherapist, homeopath, acupuncturist and reiki master. I am also the Medical Director of Philadelphia Holistic Clinic. In this clinic all holistic modalities reside under one roof. Holistic treatment is my specialty and I use it in my medical practice during the period of last 40+ years. The core concept of acupuncture is related to the qi energy that presents in our body. Hypnotherapy is a technique that combines the power of suggestion and an altered state of consciousness to change in behavior.
My name is Dr. Tsan and I'm medical doctor, certified hypnotherapist, homeopath, acupuncturist and reiki master. I am also the Medical Director of Philadelphia Holistic Clinic. In this clinic all holistic modalities reside under one roof. Holistic treatment is my specialty and I use it in my medical practice during the period of last 40+ years. The core concept of acupuncture is related to the qi energy that presents in our body. Hypnotherapy is a technique that combines the power of suggestion and an altered state of consciousness to change in behavior.
(267) 460-4560 View (267) 460-4560
Photo of Leah Booze, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Leah Booze
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
Therapy can be an important step in seeking a more meaningful life. Transitions can stir up a range of feelings and unforeseen challenges. I am here to help. You may be in the throes of sleep deprivation, struggle with irritability/outbursts, feel diminished connection or motivation, experience isolation. There may be communication challenges with supports and/or self may also feel stuck and you are looking for a way to cultivate new, hopeful pathways around these issues. In therapy together, we can build an understanding upon personal strengths, develop self-compassion and curiosity around unhelpful belief systems and narratives.
Therapy can be an important step in seeking a more meaningful life. Transitions can stir up a range of feelings and unforeseen challenges. I am here to help. You may be in the throes of sleep deprivation, struggle with irritability/outbursts, feel diminished connection or motivation, experience isolation. There may be communication challenges with supports and/or self may also feel stuck and you are looking for a way to cultivate new, hopeful pathways around these issues. In therapy together, we can build an understanding upon personal strengths, develop self-compassion and curiosity around unhelpful belief systems and narratives.
(267) 214-2259 View (267) 214-2259
Photo of Samara Perez, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Samara Perez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Hello, welcome! Thank you for taking time to learn more about me. My approach to therapy is largely Person-Centered – meaning I respect and honor the capacity that each person has to grow and heal, and that I believe already exists inside of everyone. I draw from the Psychodynamic and Relational modalities. It is in our human nature to connect with others, form meaningful relationships and ultimately, find ourselves changed from them. I believe that by reflecting on and exploring the past relationships and experiences, as well as exploring the relationship within the therapeutic room, we can make deeper meaning of our present.
Hello, welcome! Thank you for taking time to learn more about me. My approach to therapy is largely Person-Centered – meaning I respect and honor the capacity that each person has to grow and heal, and that I believe already exists inside of everyone. I draw from the Psychodynamic and Relational modalities. It is in our human nature to connect with others, form meaningful relationships and ultimately, find ourselves changed from them. I believe that by reflecting on and exploring the past relationships and experiences, as well as exploring the relationship within the therapeutic room, we can make deeper meaning of our present.
(267) 708-6593 View (267) 708-6593
Photo of Ashley Walters, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Ashley Walters
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
My name is Ashley and I'm a board certified art therapist and licensed professional counselor. I enjoy regular hikes, camping, creating art, and home cooked meals. I hope to support clients in finding ways to live their life to the fullest. If you had no more problems, what would your everyday look like? What has been barriers to achieving a more fulfilling life?
My name is Ashley and I'm a board certified art therapist and licensed professional counselor. I enjoy regular hikes, camping, creating art, and home cooked meals. I hope to support clients in finding ways to live their life to the fullest. If you had no more problems, what would your everyday look like? What has been barriers to achieving a more fulfilling life?
(484) 255-8443 View (484) 255-8443
Photo of Robin Fierstein, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Robin Fierstein
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons. Though the process of therapy can be difficult, I bring an accepting and compassionate mindset to our relationship that will help you feel comfortable in session and leave therapy feeling more satisfied, skillful, and empowered.
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons. Though the process of therapy can be difficult, I bring an accepting and compassionate mindset to our relationship that will help you feel comfortable in session and leave therapy feeling more satisfied, skillful, and empowered.
(215) 789-4397 View (215) 789-4397
Photo of Melanie Fullard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Melanie Fullard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147
I enjoy helping clients to discover their inner resilience and build on it to live their best lives possible. My philosophy for therapy is, “it can be hard work, but who says we can’t have fun?” I believe that therapy is a wonderful tool to which everyone should have access and can benefit, moreover, it is something I am passionate about. I enjoy working with adolescents, emerging adults, and adults to help them strike a balance between daily life stressors, and finding a sense of enjoyment and fulfillment as they travel this journey called life. I also have experience working with individuals, families, and groups at various levels
I enjoy helping clients to discover their inner resilience and build on it to live their best lives possible. My philosophy for therapy is, “it can be hard work, but who says we can’t have fun?” I believe that therapy is a wonderful tool to which everyone should have access and can benefit, moreover, it is something I am passionate about. I enjoy working with adolescents, emerging adults, and adults to help them strike a balance between daily life stressors, and finding a sense of enjoyment and fulfillment as they travel this journey called life. I also have experience working with individuals, families, and groups at various levels
(267) 861-3685 x1 View (267) 861-3685 x1
Photo of Daniel Chazin, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Daniel Chazin
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, A-CBT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Are you looking for a highly skilled, caring professional to help you or a motivated loved one break free from the grips of an anxiety, obsessive compulsive, or traumatic stress disorder? If so, Dr. Chazin may be the ideal match for you! With exceptional expertise and experience helping hundreds of adults and teens overcome a range of serious anxiety disorders and related issues, he combines use of the most effective, state-of-the-art cognitive-behavioral treatments with a personalized and supportive approach to help clients gain understanding and strategies and master the problems and disorders they face.
Are you looking for a highly skilled, caring professional to help you or a motivated loved one break free from the grips of an anxiety, obsessive compulsive, or traumatic stress disorder? If so, Dr. Chazin may be the ideal match for you! With exceptional expertise and experience helping hundreds of adults and teens overcome a range of serious anxiety disorders and related issues, he combines use of the most effective, state-of-the-art cognitive-behavioral treatments with a personalized and supportive approach to help clients gain understanding and strategies and master the problems and disorders they face.
(267) 668-0142 View (267) 668-0142
Photo of Meaningful Mental Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Meaningful Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19122  (Online Only)
Are you looking for relief from anxiety, depression, grief, or loss? Perhaps you want more ways to cope and manage extreme emotions or moods. You might be feeling 'stuck' right now and are unsure about what to do next. At Meaningful Mental Health, I provide a safe and inclusive space where you can explore your emotions and experiences. Together, we'll develop effective coping strategies for anxiety, depression, grief, and more.
Are you looking for relief from anxiety, depression, grief, or loss? Perhaps you want more ways to cope and manage extreme emotions or moods. You might be feeling 'stuck' right now and are unsure about what to do next. At Meaningful Mental Health, I provide a safe and inclusive space where you can explore your emotions and experiences. Together, we'll develop effective coping strategies for anxiety, depression, grief, and more.
(215) 372-8628 View (215) 372-8628
Photo of Madeline Bush, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Madeline Bush
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
My approach tailors an effective and empathic treatment to meet each client's needs through Internal Family Systems, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and/or Dialectical Behavior Therapy. I have experience treating people suffering from anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders and personality disorders within specific treatment interventions specifically tailored to these populations. It's important to me to deliver treatments that I believe in and hold passion toward - I enjoy sharing that with my clients!
My approach tailors an effective and empathic treatment to meet each client's needs through Internal Family Systems, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and/or Dialectical Behavior Therapy. I have experience treating people suffering from anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders and personality disorders within specific treatment interventions specifically tailored to these populations. It's important to me to deliver treatments that I believe in and hold passion toward - I enjoy sharing that with my clients!
(267) 609-8429 View (267) 609-8429
Photo of Courtney Lott, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Courtney Lott
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome to my bio. A little bit about me, I have a Master's Degree Couple and Family Therapy and I have worked with a variety of clients with a wide range of concerns. Some concerns include but are not limited to: depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, trauma, grief, life transitions, ADHD, relationship issues, parenting, self-esteem, and women’s issues. As a standard practice, I approach the therapeutic relationship with an acute sensitivity and respect for multi/cross-cultural factors and influence.
Hello and welcome to my bio. A little bit about me, I have a Master's Degree Couple and Family Therapy and I have worked with a variety of clients with a wide range of concerns. Some concerns include but are not limited to: depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, trauma, grief, life transitions, ADHD, relationship issues, parenting, self-esteem, and women’s issues. As a standard practice, I approach the therapeutic relationship with an acute sensitivity and respect for multi/cross-cultural factors and influence.
(215) 253-6651 View (215) 253-6651

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.