Depression Psychiatrists in Darien, CT

Photo of Thuraya Abdi, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Thuraya Abdi
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darien, CT 06820  (Online Only)
Thuraya Abdi, APRN-P, is an experienced Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner with over thirty-five years of experience. She deals with problems such as: stress, anxiety, depression, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, insomnia , anger management, panic attacks, and ADHD. She has always been inclined toward the holistic and healing nature of Nursing, but is able to provide FDA approved medications if indicated.
Thuraya Abdi, APRN-P, is an experienced Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner with over thirty-five years of experience. She deals with problems such as: stress, anxiety, depression, PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, insomnia , anger management, panic attacks, and ADHD. She has always been inclined toward the holistic and healing nature of Nursing, but is able to provide FDA approved medications if indicated.
(203) 883-0464 View (203) 883-0464
Photo of Joan Telemaque, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Joan Telemaque
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820  (Online Only)
Certified across the lifespan with a focus on adults,18 years old and over, I have treated numerous psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, PTSD, acute sleep disturbances, substance abuse and Schizophrenia.
I am dedicated to offering a compassionate and devoted attitude while providing a therapeutic rapport in which I can effectively and safely meet the needs of clients. With over 20 years experience in the mental health field, I have worked in a vast array of settings including outpatient and inpatient. Received a B. An in Psychology from Bennett College in North Carolina and eventually an M.A in Psychology from Southern CT State University in New Haven, CT.
Certified across the lifespan with a focus on adults,18 years old and over, I have treated numerous psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, PTSD, acute sleep disturbances, substance abuse and Schizophrenia.
I am dedicated to offering a compassionate and devoted attitude while providing a therapeutic rapport in which I can effectively and safely meet the needs of clients. With over 20 years experience in the mental health field, I have worked in a vast array of settings including outpatient and inpatient. Received a B. An in Psychology from Bennett College in North Carolina and eventually an M.A in Psychology from Southern CT State University in New Haven, CT.
(203) 883-0464 View (203) 883-0464
Photo of Tasneem Khan, Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Tasneem Khan
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
My practice is geared for patients who are looking for evening and weekend appointments. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD or substance abuse issues and have difficulty making your appointments during working hours, this is the right place for you. You will be seen in a compassionate, confidential and professional environment.
My practice is geared for patients who are looking for evening and weekend appointments. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD or substance abuse issues and have difficulty making your appointments during working hours, this is the right place for you. You will be seen in a compassionate, confidential and professional environment.
(203) 697-8239 View (203) 697-8239
Photo of Suzanne Gallagher, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Suzanne Gallagher
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
I specialize in depression, anxiety, ADHD and postpartum depression.
Do you find yourself struggling every day to get out of bed or feel as if you’re constantly worried? Your mind is overwhelmed with what needs to be done and how it all just feels too hard. As a busy working mom, I understand the challenges of balancing the demands of work with the intricacies of managing a fulfilling home life. My goal is to help you with your current struggles and return to your previous level of functioning. I believe you are an individual and treat you in a nonjudgmental, empathic and supportive way.
I specialize in depression, anxiety, ADHD and postpartum depression.
Do you find yourself struggling every day to get out of bed or feel as if you’re constantly worried? Your mind is overwhelmed with what needs to be done and how it all just feels too hard. As a busy working mom, I understand the challenges of balancing the demands of work with the intricacies of managing a fulfilling home life. My goal is to help you with your current struggles and return to your previous level of functioning. I believe you are an individual and treat you in a nonjudgmental, empathic and supportive way.
(475) 265-5902 View (475) 265-5902
Photo of Sarah Delaney, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Sarah Delaney
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
I specialize in mood disorders, including anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder, as well as OCD, ADHD and eating disorders.
I am a Yale-trained psychiatric nurse practitioner, with over two decades experience in the mental health field. I'm licensed to treat individuals across the life span, with extensive training in working with older children, adolescents and adults. I provide complete psychiatric assessment and care, including psychiatric evaluations, individual therapy and medication management if indicated. We may work together in starting medication, adjusting and optimizing current medication treatment, or discontinuing medication safely.
I specialize in mood disorders, including anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder, as well as OCD, ADHD and eating disorders.
I am a Yale-trained psychiatric nurse practitioner, with over two decades experience in the mental health field. I'm licensed to treat individuals across the life span, with extensive training in working with older children, adolescents and adults. I provide complete psychiatric assessment and care, including psychiatric evaluations, individual therapy and medication management if indicated. We may work together in starting medication, adjusting and optimizing current medication treatment, or discontinuing medication safely.
(203) 902-3856 View (203) 902-3856
Photo of Nicholas J. O'Brien, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Nicholas J. O'Brien
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, APRN
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
Whether you're seeking support for anxiety, depression, ADHD, or other mental health challenges, I am here to offer guidance, support, and evidence-based interventions to help you navigate life's obstacles and rediscover a sense of balance and fulfillment.
My name is Nicholas J. O'Brien, a dedicated Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with a passion for providing compassionate care to individuals of all ages. With a specialization in psychiatric evaluations and medication management, I am committed to supporting the mental health and well-being of children, adolescents, and adults. My approach is founded on empathy, respect, and a deep understanding of the complexities of the human mind. I believe in the power of collaboration, working closely with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans tailored to their unique needs and circumstances.
Whether you're seeking support for anxiety, depression, ADHD, or other mental health challenges, I am here to offer guidance, support, and evidence-based interventions to help you navigate life's obstacles and rediscover a sense of balance and fulfillment.
My name is Nicholas J. O'Brien, a dedicated Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with a passion for providing compassionate care to individuals of all ages. With a specialization in psychiatric evaluations and medication management, I am committed to supporting the mental health and well-being of children, adolescents, and adults. My approach is founded on empathy, respect, and a deep understanding of the complexities of the human mind. I believe in the power of collaboration, working closely with my clients to develop personalized treatment plans tailored to their unique needs and circumstances.
(475) 330-3701 View (475) 330-3701
Photo of Khushbu Joshi, Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Khushbu Joshi
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darien, CT 06820  (Online Only)
Joshi is well-versed in a wide range of conditions, but she particularly excels in addressing ADHD, anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and autism spectrum disorder.
Dr. Joshi has a commitment to taking a holistic approach to mental health. By incorporating her background as a pediatrician, she understands the importance of considering the entire well-being of her patients. She recognizes that mental health is interconnected with physical health, and that addressing both aspects is crucial for wellness. One of Dr. Joshi's greatest strengths lies in her ability to build strong connections with her patients and their families. She believes in the power of open communication and collaboration, working closely with parents and caregivers to develop effective treatment plans.
Joshi is well-versed in a wide range of conditions, but she particularly excels in addressing ADHD, anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, and autism spectrum disorder.
Dr. Joshi has a commitment to taking a holistic approach to mental health. By incorporating her background as a pediatrician, she understands the importance of considering the entire well-being of her patients. She recognizes that mental health is interconnected with physical health, and that addressing both aspects is crucial for wellness. One of Dr. Joshi's greatest strengths lies in her ability to build strong connections with her patients and their families. She believes in the power of open communication and collaboration, working closely with parents and caregivers to develop effective treatment plans.
(201) 431-3271 View (201) 431-3271
Photo of Aaron J. Roberto, M.D., Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Aaron J. Roberto, M.D.
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darien, CT 06820
**Tele-Health Available. I am a dedicated, Harvard and Yale-trained child/adolescent, and adult psychiatrist. Each patient is a unique individual, exerting particular strengths and resilience through situations. I create an individualized treatment plan utilizing high-level, evidenced-based treatment including involvement of parents, counselors, and outside therapists for those already in therapy. Medication, when indicated, is offered, as well as evidence-based therapeutic interventions (CBT, supportive) and lifestyle modifications. Expertise in adult and pediatric ADHD, depression, anxiety/panic, and mood disorders.
**Tele-Health Available. I am a dedicated, Harvard and Yale-trained child/adolescent, and adult psychiatrist. Each patient is a unique individual, exerting particular strengths and resilience through situations. I create an individualized treatment plan utilizing high-level, evidenced-based treatment including involvement of parents, counselors, and outside therapists for those already in therapy. Medication, when indicated, is offered, as well as evidence-based therapeutic interventions (CBT, supportive) and lifestyle modifications. Expertise in adult and pediatric ADHD, depression, anxiety/panic, and mood disorders.
(203) 408-6156 View (203) 408-6156
Photo of Kimberly G Morgan, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Kimberly G Morgan
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN-BC
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
Kimberly has over a decade of experience working as a Board Certified APRN in Adult Psychiatry (ages 18-65). She offers medication management and in some cases, psychotherapy, to help patients alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, post-partum syndromes, bipolar disorder and psychosis. The first appointment will be used to identify the symptoms that are causing the most distress, as well as to discuss any other factors that may be influencing the patient's condition. Kimberly takes a holistic approach to treatment and individualizes the treatment plan by patient, not by diagnosis.
Kimberly has over a decade of experience working as a Board Certified APRN in Adult Psychiatry (ages 18-65). She offers medication management and in some cases, psychotherapy, to help patients alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, post-partum syndromes, bipolar disorder and psychosis. The first appointment will be used to identify the symptoms that are causing the most distress, as well as to discuss any other factors that may be influencing the patient's condition. Kimberly takes a holistic approach to treatment and individualizes the treatment plan by patient, not by diagnosis.
(475) 263-3116 View (475) 263-3116
Photo of Ashley Neal, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Ashley Neal
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darien, CT 06820
Hi everyone! I'm Dr. Neal. I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) based in Connecticut. I received my Doctorate from Fairfield University and have 9 years experience in mental health. My doctoratal project focused on deprescribing with the intent to improve patient outcomes. I work with adults aged 18 and up and I specialize in treating clients with significant trauma history. I am a part of a wonderful private practice led by Dr. Mark Waynik. My approach is comprehensive, compassionate, and individualized to provide the best possible outcomes for my clients and their families.
Hi everyone! I'm Dr. Neal. I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) based in Connecticut. I received my Doctorate from Fairfield University and have 9 years experience in mental health. My doctoratal project focused on deprescribing with the intent to improve patient outcomes. I work with adults aged 18 and up and I specialize in treating clients with significant trauma history. I am a part of a wonderful private practice led by Dr. Mark Waynik. My approach is comprehensive, compassionate, and individualized to provide the best possible outcomes for my clients and their families.
(203) 633-7424 View (203) 633-7424
Photo of Hong Kim, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Hong Kim
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, NP-P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darien, CT 06820  (Online Only)
I am a board-certified psychiatric NP, trained at New York University. I specialize in adults, children, adolescents, and geriatrics. My virtual and in-person practices are friendly and confidential spaces where I provide a thorough psychiatric evaluation and personalized medication management. My approach is to always see things from the client’s perspective. My mission is to support my clients while they create more meaningful progress in life. I use my expertise to help them find harmony between mind and body. I think mental health care can be a spiritual, and yet a scientific way for the client to look into their soul.
I am a board-certified psychiatric NP, trained at New York University. I specialize in adults, children, adolescents, and geriatrics. My virtual and in-person practices are friendly and confidential spaces where I provide a thorough psychiatric evaluation and personalized medication management. My approach is to always see things from the client’s perspective. My mission is to support my clients while they create more meaningful progress in life. I use my expertise to help them find harmony between mind and body. I think mental health care can be a spiritual, and yet a scientific way for the client to look into their soul.
(201) 969-5923 View (201) 969-5923
Photo of Sarah L. Handler, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Sarah L. Handler
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-, BC
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
As a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, I specialize in delivering comprehensive care to individuals at every life stage. My expertise lies in medication management, specifically addressing mood and anxiety disorders, ADHD, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. Embracing a holistic philosophy, I personalize treatment approaches to align with each patient's unique requirements and desires. In addition to medication management, I am dedicated to supporting clients in recognizing and resolving other contributing factors influencing their mental well-being.
As a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, I specialize in delivering comprehensive care to individuals at every life stage. My expertise lies in medication management, specifically addressing mood and anxiety disorders, ADHD, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. Embracing a holistic philosophy, I personalize treatment approaches to align with each patient's unique requirements and desires. In addition to medication management, I am dedicated to supporting clients in recognizing and resolving other contributing factors influencing their mental well-being.
(475) 271-1924 View (475) 271-1924
Photo of Inner Vibrance, LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Inner Vibrance, LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, NP-C, APRN
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820  (Online Only)
Now in network with Cigna, United/Optum/Connecticare. With offices in both Windsor and Greenwich, I am dedicated to helping individuals achieve their optimal level of mental health. With over 6 years of experience in the field, I have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of psychiatric symptoms, medications, and the role therapy plays in helping you be the best version of yourself! My approach is patient-centered, and I work closely with each individual to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their unique medication goals and to optimize health.
Now in network with Cigna, United/Optum/Connecticare. With offices in both Windsor and Greenwich, I am dedicated to helping individuals achieve their optimal level of mental health. With over 6 years of experience in the field, I have developed a deep understanding of the complexities of psychiatric symptoms, medications, and the role therapy plays in helping you be the best version of yourself! My approach is patient-centered, and I work closely with each individual to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their unique medication goals and to optimize health.
(860) 530-2955 View (860) 530-2955
Photo of Deborah A. Deliyannides, Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Deborah A. Deliyannides
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
Waitlist for new clients
I've treated a broad range of people over the years, many with biologic mood/anxiety problems who benefit primarily from medication and many with relationship problems who benefit primarily from talk therapy, especially in a couples' setting. I am pragmatic and eclectic in approach.
I've treated a broad range of people over the years, many with biologic mood/anxiety problems who benefit primarily from medication and many with relationship problems who benefit primarily from talk therapy, especially in a couples' setting. I am pragmatic and eclectic in approach.
(203) 706-4872 View (203) 706-4872
Photo of Paola Ayora, Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Paola Ayora
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
I am a pediatrician for 10 years. I see adults, adolescents, and children. I provide comprehensive diagnostic consultations, medication management and psychotherapy.
I am a pediatrician for 10 years. I see adults, adolescents, and children. I provide comprehensive diagnostic consultations, medication management and psychotherapy.
(203) 894-6137 View (203) 894-6137
Photo of Sound Psychiatry, LLC, Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Sound Psychiatry, LLC
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Darien, CT 06820
Hello. I am a Yale-trained board-certified adult psychiatrist offering combined psychotherapy with/without medication management and medication management alone in my private practice. I am also a clinical faculty member within Yale School of Medicine's Department of Psychiatry. My practice focuses on women's mental health, reproductive psychiatry, and psychodynamic psychotherapy. This type of insight-oriented psychotherapy promotes curiosity and self-awareness about how individuals' past experiences (including childhood dynamics) influence their present-day thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Such insights promote emotional relief.
Hello. I am a Yale-trained board-certified adult psychiatrist offering combined psychotherapy with/without medication management and medication management alone in my private practice. I am also a clinical faculty member within Yale School of Medicine's Department of Psychiatry. My practice focuses on women's mental health, reproductive psychiatry, and psychodynamic psychotherapy. This type of insight-oriented psychotherapy promotes curiosity and self-awareness about how individuals' past experiences (including childhood dynamics) influence their present-day thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Such insights promote emotional relief.
(203) 896-8903 View (203) 896-8903
Kasey Spoonamore
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
As a psychiatrist in Greenwich, Connecticut (CT), I specialize in treating an array of mental disorders and illnesses, including addiction disorders, ADHD, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders and depressive disorders. My training is in Relational Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Treatments consist of: Neuropsychopharmacology, certification in Buprenorphine (Suboxone), Naltrexone maintenance therapy and Psychotherapy. I am dedicated to providing my patients with the highest level of personalized, authentic and therapeutic care. My goal is to build collaborative relationships with patients that creates a platform for greater insight into ones self understanding, which in turn leads to goal achievement.
As a psychiatrist in Greenwich, Connecticut (CT), I specialize in treating an array of mental disorders and illnesses, including addiction disorders, ADHD, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders and depressive disorders. My training is in Relational Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Treatments consist of: Neuropsychopharmacology, certification in Buprenorphine (Suboxone), Naltrexone maintenance therapy and Psychotherapy. I am dedicated to providing my patients with the highest level of personalized, authentic and therapeutic care. My goal is to build collaborative relationships with patients that creates a platform for greater insight into ones self understanding, which in turn leads to goal achievement.
(203) 433-5469 View (203) 433-5469
Photo of Dr. Ariana Rick, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Darien, CT
Dr. Ariana Rick
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN-BC, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
I am a doctorate prepared, board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who is trained to treat patients of all ages with diverse needs. I am especially passionate about treating children, teens, and young adults. They so often need a provider who gives them a voice, treats them with kindness and respect, and is as enthusiastic and energetic as they are! I received my Doctorate in Nursing Practice, as well as my Bachelor of Science of Nursing and Bachelors in Psychology from Fairfield University. My doctorate project focused on educating care teams in clinical settings about trauma informed training practices.
I am a doctorate prepared, board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who is trained to treat patients of all ages with diverse needs. I am especially passionate about treating children, teens, and young adults. They so often need a provider who gives them a voice, treats them with kindness and respect, and is as enthusiastic and energetic as they are! I received my Doctorate in Nursing Practice, as well as my Bachelor of Science of Nursing and Bachelors in Psychology from Fairfield University. My doctorate project focused on educating care teams in clinical settings about trauma informed training practices.
(203) 256-9926 View (203) 256-9926
Photo of Dr. Nayla Hariz, Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Dr. Nayla Hariz
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
I am accepting new patients and I take the following insurances: Aetna, United Healthcare and Husky. Anyone with no insurance or any other insurance will have to pay out of pocket. If you would like to schedule an appointment for yourself or your child please go to mindfulpsychiatry.as.me/new-appointment.
I am accepting new patients and I take the following insurances: Aetna, United Healthcare and Husky. Anyone with no insurance or any other insurance will have to pay out of pocket. If you would like to schedule an appointment for yourself or your child please go to mindfulpsychiatry.as.me/new-appointment.
Photo of Jimena Tuis, Psychiatrist in Darien, CT
Jimena Tuis
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Darien, CT 06820
Hi, I am a Yale-trained double-board certified psychiatrist. I specialize in Adult Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. I provide evidence-based treatments with therapy and medication management if needed. I enjoy working closely with my patients and families to create a comprehensive treatment plan that best addresses their needs and treatment goals. Please contact me by filling out the form at my webpage: seasidemh.com/contact
Hi, I am a Yale-trained double-board certified psychiatrist. I specialize in Adult Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. I provide evidence-based treatments with therapy and medication management if needed. I enjoy working closely with my patients and families to create a comprehensive treatment plan that best addresses their needs and treatment goals. Please contact me by filling out the form at my webpage: seasidemh.com/contact
(203) 349-9254 View (203) 349-9254
Depression Psychiatrists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.