Medication Management Psychiatrists in Los Angeles, CA

Photo of Samuel I Miles, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Samuel I Miles
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90049
Do you want help because you are anxious or depressed? Having problems with relationships? Work? Sleep? Drugs or alcohol? We can work together to find what will work best to resolve your problems. Using a biopsychosocial approach we can plan a treatment program that may include psychotherapy, medication, and other psychosocial interventions. My aim is to work collaboratively with you to find what will work best to resolve the issues which most concern you. Current evidence of what is effective will be an important part of a treatment plan we put together.
Do you want help because you are anxious or depressed? Having problems with relationships? Work? Sleep? Drugs or alcohol? We can work together to find what will work best to resolve your problems. Using a biopsychosocial approach we can plan a treatment program that may include psychotherapy, medication, and other psychosocial interventions. My aim is to work collaboratively with you to find what will work best to resolve the issues which most concern you. Current evidence of what is effective will be an important part of a treatment plan we put together.
(424) 288-7544 View (424) 288-7544
Photo of Open Mind Health, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Open Mind Health
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90001  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, loss, trauma, isolation, relationship/family issues? At Open Mind Health, we get to the “root cause” of what’s actually leading to your emotional challenges, while treating the resulting issues and developing lasting solutions to help you feel optimistic and hopeful. We offer customized holistic treatment plans in our wellness tracks developed to provide lasting results, Our therapists and life coaches are compassionate and forward-thinkers. Call us today to get started on your path to mental wellness at 855-550-MIND (6463).
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, loss, trauma, isolation, relationship/family issues? At Open Mind Health, we get to the “root cause” of what’s actually leading to your emotional challenges, while treating the resulting issues and developing lasting solutions to help you feel optimistic and hopeful. We offer customized holistic treatment plans in our wellness tracks developed to provide lasting results, Our therapists and life coaches are compassionate and forward-thinkers. Call us today to get started on your path to mental wellness at 855-550-MIND (6463).
(619) 949-0858 View (619) 949-0858
Photo of Trauma Recovery Psychiatry Center , Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
Trauma Recovery Psychiatry Center
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90045  (Online Only)
I offer expert diagnosis, personalized psychotherapy, and medication management.
Welcome to my psychiatry practice focused on trauma recovery, where the journey towards healing begins with empathy and understanding. I specialize in providing tailored care for individuals navigating the enduring impacts of trauma on their well-being. Central to my approach is a profound comprehension of how trauma affects the mind, body, and soul. I acknowledge the diverse ways trauma can manifest, ranging from anxiety and depression to insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, I adopt a holistic treatment strategy that delves into both the symptoms and root causes of distress.
I offer expert diagnosis, personalized psychotherapy, and medication management.
Welcome to my psychiatry practice focused on trauma recovery, where the journey towards healing begins with empathy and understanding. I specialize in providing tailored care for individuals navigating the enduring impacts of trauma on their well-being. Central to my approach is a profound comprehension of how trauma affects the mind, body, and soul. I acknowledge the diverse ways trauma can manifest, ranging from anxiety and depression to insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, I adopt a holistic treatment strategy that delves into both the symptoms and root causes of distress.
(279) 465-0442 View (279) 465-0442
Photo of Allie Shapiro, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Allie Shapiro
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90049
Dr. Allie R. Shapiro is a board-certified pediatrician and board certified in adult and child & adolescent psychiatry. She graduated from Miss Porter’s School in 2004, Brandeis University in 2008, and St. George’s University of Medicine in 2012.
Dr. Allie R. Shapiro is a board-certified pediatrician and board certified in adult and child & adolescent psychiatry. She graduated from Miss Porter’s School in 2004, Brandeis University in 2008, and St. George’s University of Medicine in 2012.
(855) 743-2006 View (855) 743-2006
Photo of Ijeoma Mbadugha, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
Ijeoma Mbadugha
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90011  (Online Only)
We are glad you stopped by! Do you think you have ADHD? Do you need answers and/or treatment? We got you! We are accepting new patients for ADHD Neuropsychological testing. Are you anxious? having mood swings? Have you been feeling sad, tearful, empty, helpless, hopeless, or worthless? Fixed on past failures or self-blame? Lack of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities? We also have great medication management and psychotherapy tools available to help you get your life back. Call us today to book an appointment.
We are glad you stopped by! Do you think you have ADHD? Do you need answers and/or treatment? We got you! We are accepting new patients for ADHD Neuropsychological testing. Are you anxious? having mood swings? Have you been feeling sad, tearful, empty, helpless, hopeless, or worthless? Fixed on past failures or self-blame? Lack of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities? We also have great medication management and psychotherapy tools available to help you get your life back. Call us today to book an appointment.
(951) 338-9988 View (951) 338-9988
Photo of Pavel Ksendz, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
Pavel Ksendz
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90006
Using a person-centered, team-based approach, I offer psychiatric diagnostic evaluations, medication management, and supportive psychotherapy.
I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) specialized in treating mood, anxiety, cognitive, trauma-related, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. I am a strong proponent of the philosophy that health is multifactorial, made up of physical, psychological, emotional, social and spiritual facets. I value taking a collaborative approach with clients to create a thorough, individualized treatment plan that best meets their specific needs and goals. I have a long-held passion for mental healthcare and have worked with individuals of all ages in a variety of settings within psychiatry.
Using a person-centered, team-based approach, I offer psychiatric diagnostic evaluations, medication management, and supportive psychotherapy.
I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) specialized in treating mood, anxiety, cognitive, trauma-related, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. I am a strong proponent of the philosophy that health is multifactorial, made up of physical, psychological, emotional, social and spiritual facets. I value taking a collaborative approach with clients to create a thorough, individualized treatment plan that best meets their specific needs and goals. I have a long-held passion for mental healthcare and have worked with individuals of all ages in a variety of settings within psychiatry.
(805) 900-4030 View (805) 900-4030
Photo of Assal Tavakoli Parsa, Physician Assistant in Los Angeles, CA
Assal Tavakoli Parsa
Physician Assistant, PA-C
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Pacific Mind Health approaches mental health using a variety of evidence-based treatments including medication, Psychotherapy, Telemedicine, Spravato and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). We are excited to offer Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) - a revolutionary 3-minute procedure with equal or better efficacy to standard 40+ minute TMS protocols. We provide a thorough diagnostic evaluation to create a personalized treatment plan that will help guide you towards wellness. Please use this link for a free informational TMS session https://www.pacificmindhealth.com/tmsinfo.html
Pacific Mind Health approaches mental health using a variety of evidence-based treatments including medication, Psychotherapy, Telemedicine, Spravato and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). We are excited to offer Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) - a revolutionary 3-minute procedure with equal or better efficacy to standard 40+ minute TMS protocols. We provide a thorough diagnostic evaluation to create a personalized treatment plan that will help guide you towards wellness. Please use this link for a free informational TMS session https://www.pacificmindhealth.com/tmsinfo.html
(310) 340-6959 View (310) 340-6959
Photo of Ryan Thebo, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
Ryan Thebo
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90017
Are you in need of evaluation and medication management from someone who will listen carefully to your concerns? I provide a holistic approach that takes into account your unique physical and mental health needs.
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Telepsychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: pwpsychiatry.com/CA
Are you in need of evaluation and medication management from someone who will listen carefully to your concerns? I provide a holistic approach that takes into account your unique physical and mental health needs.
Are you struggling to balance your mental and physical health and in need of a more comprehensive approach? No problem! I provide Telemedicine (Telepsychiatry) Services, so that you can conveniently be seen from your home for psychiatry appointments and medication management without the need to travel! I provide the same psychiatry services as an in-person office visit and I can also address other aspects that encompass your complete wellness. My aim is to help you to thrive at your best! You can easily self-schedule a Telepsychiatry video appointment now at: pwpsychiatry.com/CA
(323) 916-6672 View (323) 916-6672
Photo of Joshua Rashon Petty, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
Joshua Rashon Petty
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
My name is Joshua Rashon Petty, and I'm a psychiatric nurse practitioner. I’am really excited about the opportunity to support you in "Discovering Clarity, Embracing Balance, and Inspiring Change". I have specialized in emotional health for eight years, with experience treating adolescents and adults with various diagnoses.
My name is Joshua Rashon Petty, and I'm a psychiatric nurse practitioner. I’am really excited about the opportunity to support you in "Discovering Clarity, Embracing Balance, and Inspiring Change". I have specialized in emotional health for eight years, with experience treating adolescents and adults with various diagnoses.
(832) 979-6238 View (832) 979-6238
Photo of Stephanie Reed, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
Stephanie Reed
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90004
Welcome! I'm Stephanie Reed, a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in the state of California. My practice focuses on helping people through a combination of medication (if needed) and other lifestyle or behavioral interventions that may help recovery and reaching personal goals. I treat adults of all ages for a broad range of conditions, with a particular interest in anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and PTSD. I use an eclectic approach to helping people uncover and understand the nature of the struggles they are having and help us come to an effective treatment plan together.
Welcome! I'm Stephanie Reed, a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in the state of California. My practice focuses on helping people through a combination of medication (if needed) and other lifestyle or behavioral interventions that may help recovery and reaching personal goals. I treat adults of all ages for a broad range of conditions, with a particular interest in anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and PTSD. I use an eclectic approach to helping people uncover and understand the nature of the struggles they are having and help us come to an effective treatment plan together.
(213) 898-2410 View (213) 898-2410
Photo of Elana Miller, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Elana Miller
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
22 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90049  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
To request a consultation, please submit a request via my website at: zenpsychiatry.com/private-practice. I am not able to respond to requests via phone or my Psychology Today profile. Thank you! I am a functional and integrative psychiatrist who will treat you as a whole person— mind, brain, body, and soul. I combine holistic approaches like nutritional supplementation, herbal/plant-based medicine, advanced laboratory testing, and mind-body medicine with traditional psychiatric approaches like medication and solution-oriented psychotherapy. I specialize in anxiety, depression, bipolar spectrum illness, and PTSD/Trauma.
To request a consultation, please submit a request via my website at: zenpsychiatry.com/private-practice. I am not able to respond to requests via phone or my Psychology Today profile. Thank you! I am a functional and integrative psychiatrist who will treat you as a whole person— mind, brain, body, and soul. I combine holistic approaches like nutritional supplementation, herbal/plant-based medicine, advanced laboratory testing, and mind-body medicine with traditional psychiatric approaches like medication and solution-oriented psychotherapy. I specialize in anxiety, depression, bipolar spectrum illness, and PTSD/Trauma.
(424) 217-3197 View (424) 217-3197
Photo of Dr. Keri Biscoe | Wildflower Psychiatry, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Dr. Keri Biscoe | Wildflower Psychiatry
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90036
I help adolescents and young adults with anxiety, depression, bipolar, ADHD, trauma, and other mental health concerns, with any combination of talk therapy, nutrition and supplement support, lifestyle modifications like exercise and sleep regulation, other evidence-based integrative psychiatry modalities, and/or traditional psychiatric medication management.
I am here to help you feel that your experiences are seen and supported, the struggles and the wins. This attentive listening is part of my holistic approach to providing customized, evidence-based psychiatric care designed to help you thrive. We'll start with a comprehensive evaluation and medical workup. From there I create a treatment plan that addresses your concerns and is adaptable to progress that we track together.
I help adolescents and young adults with anxiety, depression, bipolar, ADHD, trauma, and other mental health concerns, with any combination of talk therapy, nutrition and supplement support, lifestyle modifications like exercise and sleep regulation, other evidence-based integrative psychiatry modalities, and/or traditional psychiatric medication management.
I am here to help you feel that your experiences are seen and supported, the struggles and the wins. This attentive listening is part of my holistic approach to providing customized, evidence-based psychiatric care designed to help you thrive. We'll start with a comprehensive evaluation and medical workup. From there I create a treatment plan that addresses your concerns and is adaptable to progress that we track together.
Photo of Shuang Lei, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Shuang Lei
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90019  (Online Only)
Anxiety, depression, haven’t been feeling yourself? What can I do to help - is what I ask myself every time I’m facing someone who is struggling to get to where they want to be in life. Having lived in four very different places (mainland China, French Canada, Las Vegas, New York City) before age 20, I come from a diverse cultural background that accepts and appreciates all. Compassionate, always ready to listen, without a trace of judgement, I am here to understand what is uniquely you. There is no dilemma too small to ponder, and no problem too big to tackle. Witnessing positive change gives me the utmost joy in life.
Anxiety, depression, haven’t been feeling yourself? What can I do to help - is what I ask myself every time I’m facing someone who is struggling to get to where they want to be in life. Having lived in four very different places (mainland China, French Canada, Las Vegas, New York City) before age 20, I come from a diverse cultural background that accepts and appreciates all. Compassionate, always ready to listen, without a trace of judgement, I am here to understand what is uniquely you. There is no dilemma too small to ponder, and no problem too big to tackle. Witnessing positive change gives me the utmost joy in life.
(747) 239-5373 View (747) 239-5373
Photo of David Scott May, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
David Scott May
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90077
I am a board certified child and adult psychiatrist in private practice for 30 years. I am highly trained to do psychiatric evaluations, various types of psychotherapy and medication consultations for psychiatric conditions. My approach varies depending on the need of the individual, the couple or the family. I work collaboratively with my patients. I attempt as broad of a view of each individual as possible. I look at environmental, social, psychological, and biological forces; and use this holistic view when considering the designing of a course of treatment for an individual.
I am a board certified child and adult psychiatrist in private practice for 30 years. I am highly trained to do psychiatric evaluations, various types of psychotherapy and medication consultations for psychiatric conditions. My approach varies depending on the need of the individual, the couple or the family. I work collaboratively with my patients. I attempt as broad of a view of each individual as possible. I look at environmental, social, psychological, and biological forces; and use this holistic view when considering the designing of a course of treatment for an individual.
(415) 895-2362 View (415) 895-2362
Photo of Michele Wang, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Michele Wang
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90048
Dr. Wang was born and raised in Los Angeles. She finished her undergraduate studies at the University of California, San Diego with a degree in Literature and graduated with a medical degree from the University of California, San Francisco. During medical school, Dr. Wang worked with the Ministry of Health in Peru looking at adolescent attitudes towards substance abuse. The following year, the American Psychiatric Association awarded her funding for smoking cessation research at Langley Porter, UCSF.
Dr. Wang was born and raised in Los Angeles. She finished her undergraduate studies at the University of California, San Diego with a degree in Literature and graduated with a medical degree from the University of California, San Francisco. During medical school, Dr. Wang worked with the Ministry of Health in Peru looking at adolescent attitudes towards substance abuse. The following year, the American Psychiatric Association awarded her funding for smoking cessation research at Langley Porter, UCSF.
(323) 859-7138 View (323) 859-7138
Photo of William F Stubbeman, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
William F Stubbeman
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Thank you for visiting my page. I am a board certified psychiatrist specializing in the treatment of refractory psychiatric conditions. My treatment approach includes psychopharmacology (medications), psychodynamic psychotherapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). I have successfully treated hundreds of patients in my private practice in West LA since 1999. My areas of focus include mood disorders (major depression, bipolar, mania), anxiety disorders (social phobia, OCD, generalized anxiety, panic), trauma (PTSD, grief & loss), as well as tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and its associated neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Thank you for visiting my page. I am a board certified psychiatrist specializing in the treatment of refractory psychiatric conditions. My treatment approach includes psychopharmacology (medications), psychodynamic psychotherapy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). I have successfully treated hundreds of patients in my private practice in West LA since 1999. My areas of focus include mood disorders (major depression, bipolar, mania), anxiety disorders (social phobia, OCD, generalized anxiety, panic), trauma (PTSD, grief & loss), as well as tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and its associated neuropsychiatric symptoms.
(424) 358-3483 View (424) 358-3483
Photo of Holly Valerio, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Holly Valerio
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90095
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety disorders including OCD, PTSD, social anxiety, panic disorder, specific phobias, and generalized anxiety. I also have expertise in treating a variety of other psychiatric illnesses including depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and psychotic disorders. I completed my undergraduate degree at the University of Florida, my medical training at the University of Florida College of Medicine, and my residency training in psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania.
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety disorders including OCD, PTSD, social anxiety, panic disorder, specific phobias, and generalized anxiety. I also have expertise in treating a variety of other psychiatric illnesses including depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and psychotic disorders. I completed my undergraduate degree at the University of Florida, my medical training at the University of Florida College of Medicine, and my residency training in psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania.
(858) 408-6225 View (858) 408-6225
Photo of Elyse Galles, Psychiatrist in Los Angeles, CA
Elyse Galles
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90048
My practice includes medication management of adults ages 18 and over. I have specialty training and research in college and student athlete mental health. I have a particular interest in working with young adults to build a healthy foundation to achieve their goals. In addition to medication management, my approach to mental health care involves addressing overall health and well-being, including eating habits, exercise, sleep-hygiene, cultivating healthy relationships, and finding meaning in our day to day life.
My practice includes medication management of adults ages 18 and over. I have specialty training and research in college and student athlete mental health. I have a particular interest in working with young adults to build a healthy foundation to achieve their goals. In addition to medication management, my approach to mental health care involves addressing overall health and well-being, including eating habits, exercise, sleep-hygiene, cultivating healthy relationships, and finding meaning in our day to day life.
(323) 406-7435 View (323) 406-7435
Photo of A New Beginning Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
A New Beginning Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNP-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90011  (Online Only)
As a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, my goal is providing patient centered care for patients who struggle to be heard and to manage their treatment with compassion, understanding, and a unique focus on holistic care. Working with mental health patients in the unserved and vulnerable communities, where the obstacles affecting adequate healthcare are made worse by financial difficulties, has been the most rewarding aspect my job. There is no greater joy than helping others. My provider/patient relationship is a joint effort to create a treatment plan that's works best for you. You are your own best doctor!
As a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, my goal is providing patient centered care for patients who struggle to be heard and to manage their treatment with compassion, understanding, and a unique focus on holistic care. Working with mental health patients in the unserved and vulnerable communities, where the obstacles affecting adequate healthcare are made worse by financial difficulties, has been the most rewarding aspect my job. There is no greater joy than helping others. My provider/patient relationship is a joint effort to create a treatment plan that's works best for you. You are your own best doctor!
(619) 914-6780 View (619) 914-6780
Photo of Wendy Johanna Colocho, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Los Angeles, CA
Wendy Johanna Colocho
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90011  (Online Only)
As a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), my goal is to effectively treat and rehabilitate individuals suffering from mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and SUD in a compassionate and nonjudgmental way. I try to concentrate my time and effort on applying my expertise to deliver transparent, knowledgeable, trustworthy, and patient-centered care. I advocate for my patients' rights and well-being to support their recovery and optimal health.
As a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), my goal is to effectively treat and rehabilitate individuals suffering from mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and SUD in a compassionate and nonjudgmental way. I try to concentrate my time and effort on applying my expertise to deliver transparent, knowledgeable, trustworthy, and patient-centered care. I advocate for my patients' rights and well-being to support their recovery and optimal health.
(661) 465-6851 View (661) 465-6851

See more therapy options for Los Angeles

Medication Management Psychiatrists

What are the most effective ways to manage medications?

One of the most effective ways a patient can manage their medications is to keep a list of each drug and dosage they take. Such a list can be helpful in keeping to their schedule and can also be something they bring to their psychiatrist or other physician so that the healthcare provider has a clear picture of what they’re taking and in what quantity. Using a pill organizer can be useful for memory and organization. Patients should discuss their medications and their effects at every appointment.

What are the risks if medications are not managed properly?

A suboptimal approach to medication management can lead to potentially harmful health outcomes. Most psychiatric drugs have side effects, and if a patient is not aware of them, they may seek additional medical help or over the counter or prescription drugs to treat the side effects, which may have its own side effects, a process called “prescription cascade.” Another risk to disorganization is that a psychiatrist without full knowledge of a patient’s regimen could prescribe a medication that should not be mixed with a patient’s existing drugs.

What’s the best way to encourage someone to get help managing their medications?

It’s helpful to express concern and love for the person while framing medication management as a tool for improving their life and avoiding dangerous side effects. Offering specific examples of an individual’s failure to properly manage their medication regimen should be done with compassion and with empathy. It may be useful to break management down into parts, and there are several apps that can be used to organize which drugs are ingested, when they need to be refilled, and how they should be stored.

Are there natural treatments that can replace medications?

While there are many medications that can be vital to mental health, there are some natural lifestyle changes that can help reduce the need for drugs. Regular exercise, good sleep habits, a healthy diet, and therapy can all go a long way in symptom relief. Psychiatric medications typically treat symptoms but do not necessarily treat the cause of the condition. Many clinicians consider medications an adjunct to treatment rather than a treatment in and of itself.