Photo of Sanjay Patel, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Sanjay Patel
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10007
These can include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, dynamic therapy, and parent-child therapy.
I am a board certified adult and child psychiatrist, and I'm also board certified in integrative and holistic medicine. I treat anxiety, attention, and mood difficulties, including adult and child ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, and depression. When necessary, I recommend medication, with the lowest effective doses. I recommend traditional and natural treatments along with practical suggestions about communication, lifestyle, and stress management. I am on faculty at NYU School of Medicine.
These can include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, dynamic therapy, and parent-child therapy.
I am a board certified adult and child psychiatrist, and I'm also board certified in integrative and holistic medicine. I treat anxiety, attention, and mood difficulties, including adult and child ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety, panic attacks, trauma, and depression. When necessary, I recommend medication, with the lowest effective doses. I recommend traditional and natural treatments along with practical suggestions about communication, lifestyle, and stress management. I am on faculty at NYU School of Medicine.
(646) 798-7270 View (646) 798-7270
Photo of Maureen Laffey, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Maureen Laffey
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10031  (Online Only)
Maureen has over 25 years of experience in health care. She is a graduate of Niagara University where she earned a bachelor’s degree in nursing, then a master’s degree as a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner from Hunter College. She has worked as a consultant for those experiencing adjustment disorder, depression, anxiety, bipolar, grief, conflict, relationship issues, and others. Her professional skills include critical thinking, problem solving, teamwork, and communication. Maureen will collaborate with you, and if needed, she will present and prescribe a medication regimen that can benefit you towards moving forward and succeeding.
Maureen has over 25 years of experience in health care. She is a graduate of Niagara University where she earned a bachelor’s degree in nursing, then a master’s degree as a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner from Hunter College. She has worked as a consultant for those experiencing adjustment disorder, depression, anxiety, bipolar, grief, conflict, relationship issues, and others. Her professional skills include critical thinking, problem solving, teamwork, and communication. Maureen will collaborate with you, and if needed, she will present and prescribe a medication regimen that can benefit you towards moving forward and succeeding.
(646) 480-6738 View (646) 480-6738
Photo of Dandan Wang, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Dandan Wang
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I am an ANCC board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. I first earned my Bachelor of Science in Nursing at the University of Delaware. I served as a nurse in several fields and joined the Army Reserve as a medic. In 2021, I earned my Master of Science in Nursing at National University. I specialize in psychiatric evaluations, medication management, and therapy for patients with depression, anxiety, mood and personality disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
I am an ANCC board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. I first earned my Bachelor of Science in Nursing at the University of Delaware. I served as a nurse in several fields and joined the Army Reserve as a medic. In 2021, I earned my Master of Science in Nursing at National University. I specialize in psychiatric evaluations, medication management, and therapy for patients with depression, anxiety, mood and personality disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
(929) 577-3801 View (929) 577-3801
Photo of Nargus Harounzadeh, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Nargus Harounzadeh
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Dr. Nargus Harounzadeh, DrNP, 500-RYT, is both a doctorally trained psychiatric nurse practitioner and a yoga therapist. She provides talk therapy, movement therapy, and medication management for attention and performance issues, relationship issues, mood issues, and self-esteem issues. She cares for patients with ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, trauma, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. Dr. Harounzadeh also serves as an Attending on the Forensic Inpatient Psychiatry Service at Bellevue Hospital Center and Clinical Instructor at NYU School of Medicine.
Dr. Nargus Harounzadeh, DrNP, 500-RYT, is both a doctorally trained psychiatric nurse practitioner and a yoga therapist. She provides talk therapy, movement therapy, and medication management for attention and performance issues, relationship issues, mood issues, and self-esteem issues. She cares for patients with ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, trauma, eating disorders, and schizophrenia. Dr. Harounzadeh also serves as an Attending on the Forensic Inpatient Psychiatry Service at Bellevue Hospital Center and Clinical Instructor at NYU School of Medicine.
(646) 762-1082 View (646) 762-1082
Photo of Erin Shindle, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Erin Shindle
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I am trained and licensed to treat individuals across the lifespan with specialized experience working with older children, adolescents, and young adults. Treatment begins with an initial assessment to gain insight into you are and what brings you to treatment. We all may struggle to fully understand ourselves and our core challenges and patterns that may be impacting us adversely. Together, through thoughtful exploration, we will work to develop a shared understanding of these challenges and what underlies them. This shared understanding helps us to focus your treatment and guide you in achieving meaningful psychological change.
I am trained and licensed to treat individuals across the lifespan with specialized experience working with older children, adolescents, and young adults. Treatment begins with an initial assessment to gain insight into you are and what brings you to treatment. We all may struggle to fully understand ourselves and our core challenges and patterns that may be impacting us adversely. Together, through thoughtful exploration, we will work to develop a shared understanding of these challenges and what underlies them. This shared understanding helps us to focus your treatment and guide you in achieving meaningful psychological change.
(347) 609-7281 View (347) 609-7281
Photo of Kristina Manich, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Kristina Manich
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP , BC, NP-P
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner. With over 20 years of nursing, I have experience helping people of all ages cope with addiction, eating disorders, women's mental health issues, ADHD, mood disorder and anxiety. I believe in partnering with my clients utilizing a holistic approach including diet , exercise, psychopharmacology, aromatherapy, relaxation, and mindfulness.
I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner. With over 20 years of nursing, I have experience helping people of all ages cope with addiction, eating disorders, women's mental health issues, ADHD, mood disorder and anxiety. I believe in partnering with my clients utilizing a holistic approach including diet , exercise, psychopharmacology, aromatherapy, relaxation, and mindfulness.
(347) 707-7735 View (347) 707-7735
Photo of Online Psychiatrist in Hillsborough, Florida, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Online Psychiatrist in Hillsborough, Florida
Psychiatrist, MD, MBBS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014  (Online Only)
Dr. Gundu Reddy is a Board Certified Psychiatrist in New York City. Prior to starting residency at Mount Sinai School of medicine she pursued additional research in HIV psychiatry . As well as residency training, she has also pursued further training in psychodynamic psychotherapy at the NYU psychoanalytic institute. She states that whether prescribing medication, family, or relationship therapy, understanding psychodynamic conflict and causes of symptoms will cause help enhance quality of care. As well as psychodynamic training Dr Reddy also has a background in integrative psychiatry and treatment resistance.
Dr. Gundu Reddy is a Board Certified Psychiatrist in New York City. Prior to starting residency at Mount Sinai School of medicine she pursued additional research in HIV psychiatry . As well as residency training, she has also pursued further training in psychodynamic psychotherapy at the NYU psychoanalytic institute. She states that whether prescribing medication, family, or relationship therapy, understanding psychodynamic conflict and causes of symptoms will cause help enhance quality of care. As well as psychodynamic training Dr Reddy also has a background in integrative psychiatry and treatment resistance.
(347) 934-6642 View (347) 934-6642
Photo of Bruce A Fischer, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Bruce A Fischer
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
I've been providing in-person and virtual mental health care for people in Connecticut and Rhode Island for over 36 years before more recently adding online access for people in New York. Treatment options include psychotherapy, medication management, and applications of mindfulness, positive psychology, diet and exercise.
I've been providing in-person and virtual mental health care for people in Connecticut and Rhode Island for over 36 years before more recently adding online access for people in New York. Treatment options include psychotherapy, medication management, and applications of mindfulness, positive psychology, diet and exercise.
(646) 813-7506 View (646) 813-7506
Photo of VIP Integrative Health Care LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
VIP Integrative Health Care LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, Family , DNP, FNP-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10004  (Online Only)
I create a safe, supportive, and non‑judgmental environment for every client and understand the importance of empathy, trust and kindness. My sympathetic, kindhearted, and caring approaches to each individual patient makes me capable of reaching the core of each of my patients’ issues. I empower them to enhance their awareness of their potentials in dealing with treatment and recovery. Tele Health Virtual Visits Available! same day/next day appointments available! Call for psychiatric evaluations, medication management, prescriptions, addiction, anxiety/depression/bipolar disorder
I create a safe, supportive, and non‑judgmental environment for every client and understand the importance of empathy, trust and kindness. My sympathetic, kindhearted, and caring approaches to each individual patient makes me capable of reaching the core of each of my patients’ issues. I empower them to enhance their awareness of their potentials in dealing with treatment and recovery. Tele Health Virtual Visits Available! same day/next day appointments available! Call for psychiatric evaluations, medication management, prescriptions, addiction, anxiety/depression/bipolar disorder
(929) 242-6534 View (929) 242-6534
Photo of Gundu Anupama Reddy, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Gundu Anupama Reddy
Psychiatrist, MD, MBBS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10080  (Online Only)
I am a Board Certified Psychiatrist , with a special interest in integrative psychiatry and treatment resistance. I have also trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy , family and marital therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Finding a psychiatrist can be a challenge , and it is important that you are listened to , your thoughts and ideas addressed, and through history and evaluation is utilized to ensure quality care. Whatever your reasons for seeking a psychiatrist ,with dedication and perseverance most people have the potential to feel better and achieve symptom relief. Please view my website and blog at gaba.healthcare
I am a Board Certified Psychiatrist , with a special interest in integrative psychiatry and treatment resistance. I have also trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy , family and marital therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Finding a psychiatrist can be a challenge , and it is important that you are listened to , your thoughts and ideas addressed, and through history and evaluation is utilized to ensure quality care. Whatever your reasons for seeking a psychiatrist ,with dedication and perseverance most people have the potential to feel better and achieve symptom relief. Please view my website and blog at gaba.healthcare
(347) 218-9115 View (347) 218-9115
Photo of Kenneth James Garcia, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Kenneth James Garcia
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Medications provide transient benefits for the majority of psychiatric issues. For optimal and enduring results, the combination of capable psychotherapy to foster insight with judicial use of supplemental medication to moderate distracting emotionality is best. Tragically, since psychiatric medications were introduced in the 1950's, psychiatrists have forgetten the unique experience of the individual and instead overdiagnose a few disorders and treat predominantly with medication. There are no magic pills. Any patient willing to do the work, can experience a positive change in their lives. (2) No insurance accepted.
Medications provide transient benefits for the majority of psychiatric issues. For optimal and enduring results, the combination of capable psychotherapy to foster insight with judicial use of supplemental medication to moderate distracting emotionality is best. Tragically, since psychiatric medications were introduced in the 1950's, psychiatrists have forgetten the unique experience of the individual and instead overdiagnose a few disorders and treat predominantly with medication. There are no magic pills. Any patient willing to do the work, can experience a positive change in their lives. (2) No insurance accepted.
(315) 828-0767 View (315) 828-0767
Photo of Dr. Goksin Ozkarahan - Lifestyle Psychiatrist And Psychotherapist, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Dr. Goksin Ozkarahan - Lifestyle Psychiatrist And Psychotherapist
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
I am a Board-Certified Psychiatrist (MD) and NASM-Certified Nutrition Coach / Personal Trainer who treats adults (ages 20s-40s) struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, relationships, body image/eating issues, life adjustments, loss, insomnia, panic, and OCD. With a warm and practical approach to psychotherapy, I prescribe medications gently and only when necessary. My multiple certifications by the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) enable me to offer comprehensive lifestyle-oriented psychiatric treatment incorporating coaching on physical exercise, nutrition, yoga, sleep, & meditation to aim for optimal wellness.
I am a Board-Certified Psychiatrist (MD) and NASM-Certified Nutrition Coach / Personal Trainer who treats adults (ages 20s-40s) struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, relationships, body image/eating issues, life adjustments, loss, insomnia, panic, and OCD. With a warm and practical approach to psychotherapy, I prescribe medications gently and only when necessary. My multiple certifications by the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) enable me to offer comprehensive lifestyle-oriented psychiatric treatment incorporating coaching on physical exercise, nutrition, yoga, sleep, & meditation to aim for optimal wellness.
(212) 213-4129 View (212) 213-4129
Photo of Wiktoria Bielska, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Wiktoria Bielska
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038
Not accepting new clients
Congratulations on your decision to find help! Treatment is an opportunity to explore and discover your true self and to gain insight into your own process. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, challenges in attention and focus, difficulties with career, relationship, or self-esteem, we will work together to find a treatment plan that is right for you. I offer a supportive environment where you have the space to work through barriers that make it difficult to move forward. I focus on customizing treatment for each client, including psychotherapy alone or in combination with medication after careful consideration.
Congratulations on your decision to find help! Treatment is an opportunity to explore and discover your true self and to gain insight into your own process. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, challenges in attention and focus, difficulties with career, relationship, or self-esteem, we will work together to find a treatment plan that is right for you. I offer a supportive environment where you have the space to work through barriers that make it difficult to move forward. I focus on customizing treatment for each client, including psychotherapy alone or in combination with medication after careful consideration.
(646) 762-1293 View (646) 762-1293
Thrive Mind Psychiatry PLLC
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014
Waitlist for new clients
A) Parents: You go to great lengths to ensure your children navigate youth optimally, minimizing the negative emotional experiences inherent to this unique journey. Their evolving capacities for expression make it difficult to respond to developmental pressures that may overwhelm their capacities to grow at their pace, manifesting as emotional and behavioral difficulties. B) Adults: It is common for those with admirable histories of resiliency to find themselves feeling alone in a particular emotional circumstance. Thrive Mind Psychiatry joins your dilemma and leverages your unique strengths to enlighten next steps.
A) Parents: You go to great lengths to ensure your children navigate youth optimally, minimizing the negative emotional experiences inherent to this unique journey. Their evolving capacities for expression make it difficult to respond to developmental pressures that may overwhelm their capacities to grow at their pace, manifesting as emotional and behavioral difficulties. B) Adults: It is common for those with admirable histories of resiliency to find themselves feeling alone in a particular emotional circumstance. Thrive Mind Psychiatry joins your dilemma and leverages your unique strengths to enlighten next steps.
(718) 865-2592 View (718) 865-2592
Photo of Dr. Jennifer Okwerekwu, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Dr. Jennifer Okwerekwu
Psychiatrist, MD, MS
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10065  (Online Only)
Female-first psychiatric care. If you’re navigating a new season of life—trying to conceive, pregnancy, or perimenopause—or looking for support with treatment of a specific condition such as PMS or PMDD, PCOS, ADHD, depression, or anxiety, I want to offer you the expertise, compassion, and genuine care you deserve. I am a Harvard-trained and board-certified psychiatrist specializing in women's mental health and reproductive psychiatry. I take a conservative approach to medication, taking the time to listen to you and help you make empowered decisions about your mental health.
Female-first psychiatric care. If you’re navigating a new season of life—trying to conceive, pregnancy, or perimenopause—or looking for support with treatment of a specific condition such as PMS or PMDD, PCOS, ADHD, depression, or anxiety, I want to offer you the expertise, compassion, and genuine care you deserve. I am a Harvard-trained and board-certified psychiatrist specializing in women's mental health and reproductive psychiatry. I take a conservative approach to medication, taking the time to listen to you and help you make empowered decisions about your mental health.
(518) 559-0784 View (518) 559-0784
Photo of Shreya Maniar Nagula, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Shreya Maniar Nagula
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
Waitlist for new clients
My approach comprises integrating various evidence-based treatment methods such as mindfulness, cognitive therapy, environmental interventions, and/or medications.
Though dually board certified in both Adult Psychiatry and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, my expertise lies in college students and adults suffering from anxiety (social or generalized anxiety, panic, OCD), depression, and/or dealing with significant life stressors or changes. I pride myself in risk assessments, and in discerning accurate diagnoses, thereby helping recognize normal patterns and behaviors from those more pathological. Whether virtual or in-person, I work with patients (and their families if warranted) to holistically address their concerns, and collectively develop effective interventions and treatment modalities.
My approach comprises integrating various evidence-based treatment methods such as mindfulness, cognitive therapy, environmental interventions, and/or medications.
Though dually board certified in both Adult Psychiatry and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, my expertise lies in college students and adults suffering from anxiety (social or generalized anxiety, panic, OCD), depression, and/or dealing with significant life stressors or changes. I pride myself in risk assessments, and in discerning accurate diagnoses, thereby helping recognize normal patterns and behaviors from those more pathological. Whether virtual or in-person, I work with patients (and their families if warranted) to holistically address their concerns, and collectively develop effective interventions and treatment modalities.
(914) 740-8233 View (914) 740-8233
Photo of Jessica Barofsky, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Jessica Barofsky
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024  (Online Only)
I work together with clients and their families to understanding greater the underlying issues from which many psychiatric manifestations are stemming from, providing psychoeducation, and then picking the best suited, personalized treatment plan to address the specific needs of each client.
I work together with clients and their families to understanding greater the underlying issues from which many psychiatric manifestations are stemming from, providing psychoeducation, and then picking the best suited, personalized treatment plan to address the specific needs of each client.
(646) 619-8071 View (646) 619-8071
Photo of Dr. Jen Sweet, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Dr. Jen Sweet
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
I offer mental healthcare for women and their loved ones, encompassing a more holistic, and I believe, warmer approach to emotional health treatment. I aim to provide specialized and comprehensive treatment for challenges specific to your different life stages. I offer inclusive and truly quality care with the ultimate goal of helping you overcome emotional hurdles that you face, in any phase of your life.
I offer mental healthcare for women and their loved ones, encompassing a more holistic, and I believe, warmer approach to emotional health treatment. I aim to provide specialized and comprehensive treatment for challenges specific to your different life stages. I offer inclusive and truly quality care with the ultimate goal of helping you overcome emotional hurdles that you face, in any phase of your life.
(925) 248-4512 View (925) 248-4512
Photo of Jennifer Jennings D'Orazio, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Jennifer Jennings D'Orazio
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
Cognitive & dialectical behavioral strategies to address mood regulation.
A board-certified doctoral prepared psychiatric nurse practitioner with 13 years of experience in diagnosing & treating mental illness. I specialize in women’s mental health throughout the life cycle, including in pregnancy & the postpartum. For the past 10 years, until recently, I worked in a fast-paced urban university setting with undergrad & graduate students. Issues ranged from anxiety, depression; SOGI-related; trauma/PTSD; executive (dys)function/ADHD. I offer traditional (RX, therapy) & complementary treatments (diet/supplements, exercise, sleep, lifestyle, etc.). Combined med & psychotherapy or either alone is available.
Cognitive & dialectical behavioral strategies to address mood regulation.
A board-certified doctoral prepared psychiatric nurse practitioner with 13 years of experience in diagnosing & treating mental illness. I specialize in women’s mental health throughout the life cycle, including in pregnancy & the postpartum. For the past 10 years, until recently, I worked in a fast-paced urban university setting with undergrad & graduate students. Issues ranged from anxiety, depression; SOGI-related; trauma/PTSD; executive (dys)function/ADHD. I offer traditional (RX, therapy) & complementary treatments (diet/supplements, exercise, sleep, lifestyle, etc.). Combined med & psychotherapy or either alone is available.
(516) 289-9392 View (516) 289-9392
Photo of Sean X Luo, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Sean X Luo
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
I am a Columbia-trained general and addiction psychiatrist and researcher. My practice focuses on delivering high-quality treatment to a small number of patients. I focus on complex substance use, co-morbid/dual diagnoses cases such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression, and behavioral addictions such as sex/gaming addiction. I conduct both talk therapy and use medications in my practice and work with both patients and their families. The goal is transformative change in behavior patterns to help patients achieve their highest level of functioning.
I am a Columbia-trained general and addiction psychiatrist and researcher. My practice focuses on delivering high-quality treatment to a small number of patients. I focus on complex substance use, co-morbid/dual diagnoses cases such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression, and behavioral addictions such as sex/gaming addiction. I conduct both talk therapy and use medications in my practice and work with both patients and their families. The goal is transformative change in behavior patterns to help patients achieve their highest level of functioning.
(516) 784-5861 View (516) 784-5861
Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Psychiatrists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.