Photo of Dr. David L. Lopez / Cornell Affiliated, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. David L. Lopez / Cornell Affiliated
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA, DFAACAP, Cornell, Faculty
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Cornell and Columbia trained, Dr. Lopez does not believe in one-size-fits-all treatments. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the national Child and Adolescent Psychiatry society (AACAP) and believes in down-to-earth approaches that really make sense. Dr. Lopez is also an adult psychotherapist with years of training in the most in-depth psychotherapies. He provides interventions that have clear results. A Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), he has taught at Cornell and Columbia specialized programs for more than 15 years. He now brings to Philadelphia the latest knowledge to help kids, parents, and adult patients.
Cornell and Columbia trained, Dr. Lopez does not believe in one-size-fits-all treatments. He is a Distinguished Fellow of the national Child and Adolescent Psychiatry society (AACAP) and believes in down-to-earth approaches that really make sense. Dr. Lopez is also an adult psychotherapist with years of training in the most in-depth psychotherapies. He provides interventions that have clear results. A Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), he has taught at Cornell and Columbia specialized programs for more than 15 years. He now brings to Philadelphia the latest knowledge to help kids, parents, and adult patients.
(215) 650-8406 View (215) 650-8406
Photo of Charles Wisniewski, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Charles Wisniewski
Psychiatrist, MS, DO
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
I take a holistic approach to psychiatric care. I first seek to understand a client's goals and meet them where they are. Treatment plans often vary significantly between clients. I feel it is important we utilize whatever strengths a client has and develop plans that integrate one's values, spiritual beliefs, physical limitations, and culturally relevant beliefs. I feel compassion and empathy are some of the most important qualities in this field and I am grateful to have gotten the chance to work with so many wonderful people.
I take a holistic approach to psychiatric care. I first seek to understand a client's goals and meet them where they are. Treatment plans often vary significantly between clients. I feel it is important we utilize whatever strengths a client has and develop plans that integrate one's values, spiritual beliefs, physical limitations, and culturally relevant beliefs. I feel compassion and empathy are some of the most important qualities in this field and I am grateful to have gotten the chance to work with so many wonderful people.
(267) 609-3931 View (267) 609-3931
Photo of Southeastern Executive Health, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Southeastern Executive Health
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
A psychiatry and psychotherapy practice that’s grounded in its commitment to elevating lives, our bespoke care enables patients to break patterns that no longer serve them. By providing effective, individualized and collaborative evidence-based treatment, we collaborate with our patients to rediscover what was lost or what they’re now seeking.
A psychiatry and psychotherapy practice that’s grounded in its commitment to elevating lives, our bespoke care enables patients to break patterns that no longer serve them. By providing effective, individualized and collaborative evidence-based treatment, we collaborate with our patients to rediscover what was lost or what they’re now seeking.
(484) 435-8987 View (484) 435-8987
Photo of Dr. Allen Masry, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Allen Masry
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am Board Certified in Adult Psychiatry and have been practicing since 2005. I completed my residency from Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts and my Fellowship in Addictions from the Robert Johnson Wood Foundation. In 2014, I was featured in SJ Magazine as one of New Jersey’s top psychiatrists. I have experience working with adults as well as adolescents suffering from both psychiatric diagnosis and substance use disorders and have extensive experience working in both out-patient and in-patient settings.
I am Board Certified in Adult Psychiatry and have been practicing since 2005. I completed my residency from Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts and my Fellowship in Addictions from the Robert Johnson Wood Foundation. In 2014, I was featured in SJ Magazine as one of New Jersey’s top psychiatrists. I have experience working with adults as well as adolescents suffering from both psychiatric diagnosis and substance use disorders and have extensive experience working in both out-patient and in-patient settings.
(267) 843-8820 View (267) 843-8820
Photo of Dr. Andrea Papa-Molter, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Andrea Papa-Molter
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am double board-certified in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. I believe in using both medication when indicated as well as therapy. I was trained in CBT and was given the Excellence in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy during my residency program. I use supportive therapy with each client I see. During my residency I served as Chief Resident and was awarded the Overall Excellence in Psychiatry Award as well as the Clinical Excellence Award.
I am double board-certified in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. I believe in using both medication when indicated as well as therapy. I was trained in CBT and was given the Excellence in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy during my residency program. I use supportive therapy with each client I see. During my residency I served as Chief Resident and was awarded the Overall Excellence in Psychiatry Award as well as the Clinical Excellence Award.
(267) 493-4369 View (267) 493-4369
Photo of Nicholas T Armao, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Philadelphia, PA
Nicholas T Armao
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, LPC, LBS, RN
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm glad you're taking the first step in seeking a therapist/psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner and I am hoping we get the opportunity to work together on your goals! I am on a mission to help my clients in any way that I can. I believe in unconditional compassion and use a client-centered approach as a way to promote growth and help clients of all races, genders, and cultures. I will strive to guide you or your family member in making positive and sustainable changes that will ultimately yield in experiencing a more rewarding and satisfying life. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults.
Hello, I'm glad you're taking the first step in seeking a therapist/psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner and I am hoping we get the opportunity to work together on your goals! I am on a mission to help my clients in any way that I can. I believe in unconditional compassion and use a client-centered approach as a way to promote growth and help clients of all races, genders, and cultures. I will strive to guide you or your family member in making positive and sustainable changes that will ultimately yield in experiencing a more rewarding and satisfying life. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults.
(610) 486-3195 View (610) 486-3195
Photo of Angel Marie Augustin, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Angel Marie Augustin
Psychiatrist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
I am Dr. Angel Augustin, a board-certified psychiatrist based out of Philadelphia, the city of brotherly love! I completed my psychiatric training at the University of Pennsylvania. I have expertise in the treatment of various psychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety, OCD, bipolar disorder, PTSD, low self-esteem, grief, cultural identity, and struggles with life transitions. I believe in taking a holistic and collaborative approach to creating a treatment plan that aligns with your goals.
I am Dr. Angel Augustin, a board-certified psychiatrist based out of Philadelphia, the city of brotherly love! I completed my psychiatric training at the University of Pennsylvania. I have expertise in the treatment of various psychiatric conditions including depression, anxiety, OCD, bipolar disorder, PTSD, low self-esteem, grief, cultural identity, and struggles with life transitions. I believe in taking a holistic and collaborative approach to creating a treatment plan that aligns with your goals.
(484) 977-3269 View (484) 977-3269
Photo of Dr. Jessica Spellun, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Jessica Spellun
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Not accepting new clients
Life is complicated. Despite our best efforts, everyone struggles at times. I understand that making changes in your life can be overwhelming. I encourage you to gather courage, ask questions, and have hope that things can get better if you are willing to work for it. My goal is to create a safe, caring, and nonjudgmental space for clients to be heard and understood. My approach prioritizes individuality and a holistic view of emotional wellbeing. Communicating feelings in a safe environment promotes healing through expression, leads to new insights about yourself, and can help you form more meaningful connections with others.
Life is complicated. Despite our best efforts, everyone struggles at times. I understand that making changes in your life can be overwhelming. I encourage you to gather courage, ask questions, and have hope that things can get better if you are willing to work for it. My goal is to create a safe, caring, and nonjudgmental space for clients to be heard and understood. My approach prioritizes individuality and a holistic view of emotional wellbeing. Communicating feelings in a safe environment promotes healing through expression, leads to new insights about yourself, and can help you form more meaningful connections with others.
(267) 848-9216 View (267) 848-9216
Photo of Sheil Jourdain, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Philadelphia, PA
Sheil Jourdain
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, CRNP, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Now offering “Virtual ADHD Assessments for All of Pennsylvania". I am a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. I specialize in the treatment of adults with Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, Pre-pregnancy and Postpartum issues, Female Sexual Issues, Depression, Medication Management including discontinuation of current medication. I provide motivational talk psychotherapy and I am excited to assist patients decide the best treatment options for their diagnosis. Don't forget to ask about our new, in-office non-medication treatment for depression called "TMS" Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
Now offering “Virtual ADHD Assessments for All of Pennsylvania". I am a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. I specialize in the treatment of adults with Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, Pre-pregnancy and Postpartum issues, Female Sexual Issues, Depression, Medication Management including discontinuation of current medication. I provide motivational talk psychotherapy and I am excited to assist patients decide the best treatment options for their diagnosis. Don't forget to ask about our new, in-office non-medication treatment for depression called "TMS" Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.
(484) 370-4655 View (484) 370-4655
Photo of Tiffany Daye-Lee, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Philadelphia, PA
Tiffany Daye-Lee
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, APN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
I treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep issues.
Dr. Daye-Lee believes in a holistic treatment approach based on evidence-based practice and patient centered-care. She believes in meeting the needs of each patient individually to help improve their quality of life.
I treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep issues.
Dr. Daye-Lee believes in a holistic treatment approach based on evidence-based practice and patient centered-care. She believes in meeting the needs of each patient individually to help improve their quality of life.
(484) 696-2331 View (484) 696-2331
Photo of Huma Mahmood, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Huma Mahmood
Psychiatrist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Double Board Certified Child, Adolescent & Adult Psychiatrist providing psychotherapy, Medication Management and compassionate care to patients in the Greater Philadelphia Area. Two practice locations: Mainline Mental Health, LLC www.mainlinemh.com in Narberth, PA & Supreme Wellness, LLC www.supremewellnessrecovery.com in Newtown, PA which also provided Intensive Outpatient Treatment and Addiction Counseling to teens and adults. Our staff includes highly skilled licensed therapists who specialize in anxiety, depression and trauma-focused treatment.
Double Board Certified Child, Adolescent & Adult Psychiatrist providing psychotherapy, Medication Management and compassionate care to patients in the Greater Philadelphia Area. Two practice locations: Mainline Mental Health, LLC www.mainlinemh.com in Narberth, PA & Supreme Wellness, LLC www.supremewellnessrecovery.com in Newtown, PA which also provided Intensive Outpatient Treatment and Addiction Counseling to teens and adults. Our staff includes highly skilled licensed therapists who specialize in anxiety, depression and trauma-focused treatment.
(724) 374-8626 View (724) 374-8626
Photo of Lori A. Albright, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Philadelphia, PA
Lori A. Albright
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, CRNP, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Hello! My practice is in Rittenhouse Square with Southeastern Executive Health, and I have immediate appointments available for in-office or telemedicine appointments for PA and NJ clients. Extensive experience utilizing an evidence based approach specializing in the care and medication management of individuals with mood disorders, psychosis, anxiety, depression, trauma, co-occurring disorders, and addiction. I practice while prioritizing the client-provider relationship and maximizing access and support. MAT provider. Spravato (esketamine) provider. Long term injectables are done in-office. Clients have my cell phone and email.
Hello! My practice is in Rittenhouse Square with Southeastern Executive Health, and I have immediate appointments available for in-office or telemedicine appointments for PA and NJ clients. Extensive experience utilizing an evidence based approach specializing in the care and medication management of individuals with mood disorders, psychosis, anxiety, depression, trauma, co-occurring disorders, and addiction. I practice while prioritizing the client-provider relationship and maximizing access and support. MAT provider. Spravato (esketamine) provider. Long term injectables are done in-office. Clients have my cell phone and email.
(215) 789-4460 View (215) 789-4460
Photo of Jingduan Yang, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Jingduan Yang
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Mental health issues are complex problems with the body, mind, and spirit. They demand a comprehensive evaluation to detect abnormal brain chemistry and physiology to employ an individualized and integrative approach to treat the root causes and relieve the symptoms. I have helped numerous people who are tired of the side effects and lack of efficacy of psychotropic medications and desire to achieve a healthier and happier life.
Mental health issues are complex problems with the body, mind, and spirit. They demand a comprehensive evaluation to detect abnormal brain chemistry and physiology to employ an individualized and integrative approach to treat the root causes and relieve the symptoms. I have helped numerous people who are tired of the side effects and lack of efficacy of psychotropic medications and desire to achieve a healthier and happier life.
(484) 870-3177 View (484) 870-3177
Photo of Aviva Zohar, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Aviva Zohar
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Here at Thalia Medical Center, we don’t tolerate self-shame. We don’t care what you look like, the car you drive, your background, or your history. Our treatment philosophy balances meeting you where you are and supporting you to get to where you want to be. TMC's services include medication management for depression, anxiety, ADHD, substance use disorder therapy and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. We are powered by a balanced approach — curating an individualized, evidence-based recovery program that supports our clients not just medically, but emotionally, physically, and socially as well.
Here at Thalia Medical Center, we don’t tolerate self-shame. We don’t care what you look like, the car you drive, your background, or your history. Our treatment philosophy balances meeting you where you are and supporting you to get to where you want to be. TMC's services include medication management for depression, anxiety, ADHD, substance use disorder therapy and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. We are powered by a balanced approach — curating an individualized, evidence-based recovery program that supports our clients not just medically, but emotionally, physically, and socially as well.
(610) 365-1743 View (610) 365-1743

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Allen Masry, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Allen Masry
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Haverford, PA 19041
I am Board Certified in Adult Psychiatry and have been practicing since 2005. I completed my residency from Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts and my Fellowship in Addictions from the Robert Johnson Wood Foundation. In 2014, I was featured in SJ Magazine as one of New Jersey’s top psychiatrists. I have experience working with adults as well as adolescents suffering from both psychiatric diagnosis and substance use disorders and have extensive experience working in both out-patient and in-patient settings.
I am Board Certified in Adult Psychiatry and have been practicing since 2005. I completed my residency from Tufts University in Boston, Massachusetts and my Fellowship in Addictions from the Robert Johnson Wood Foundation. In 2014, I was featured in SJ Magazine as one of New Jersey’s top psychiatrists. I have experience working with adults as well as adolescents suffering from both psychiatric diagnosis and substance use disorders and have extensive experience working in both out-patient and in-patient settings.
(484) 559-7561 View (484) 559-7561
Photo of Harmony Bay, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Harmony Bay
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Haverford, PA 19041
Harmony Bay Wellness is a psychiatry and therapy office that provides primary mental health treatment programs for psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and ADHD. We offer a clean, bright environment with a calming and positive tone. We offer programs and services for both therapy and psychiatry including individual therapy, group therapy, couples therapy, and medication management.
Harmony Bay Wellness is a psychiatry and therapy office that provides primary mental health treatment programs for psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and ADHD. We offer a clean, bright environment with a calming and positive tone. We offer programs and services for both therapy and psychiatry including individual therapy, group therapy, couples therapy, and medication management.
(484) 348-4405 View (484) 348-4405
Photo of Dr. Suparna Basu, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Suparna Basu
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Gladwyne, PA 19035
I treat most psychiatric disorders which include Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Bipolar disorders, PTSD, Schizoaffective disorder.
Suparna Basu is an experienced and compassionate board-certified psychiatrist with expertise in caring for those with a variety of mental health problems and emotional issues . Dr. Basu is a psychopharmacologist who focuses primarily on medication management. She prefers her patients have a separate therapist that she can collaborate with. Dr. Basu's approach can best be described as interpersonal/humanistic, one in which her working relationship is every bit as important as any medication you might decide to use. You can learn more about Dr.Basu on her website; http://basupsychiatry.com
I treat most psychiatric disorders which include Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Bipolar disorders, PTSD, Schizoaffective disorder.
Suparna Basu is an experienced and compassionate board-certified psychiatrist with expertise in caring for those with a variety of mental health problems and emotional issues . Dr. Basu is a psychopharmacologist who focuses primarily on medication management. She prefers her patients have a separate therapist that she can collaborate with. Dr. Basu's approach can best be described as interpersonal/humanistic, one in which her working relationship is every bit as important as any medication you might decide to use. You can learn more about Dr.Basu on her website; http://basupsychiatry.com
(215) 337-2831 View (215) 337-2831
Photo of Wanda Hedian, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Philadelphia, PA
Wanda Hedian
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, FNP, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Narberth, PA 19072
At Thalia Medical Center we provide psychiatric medication management for substance use disorder, ADHD, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression ,PTSD, and OCD, amongst other conditions.
I have devoted my time caring for patients as a dual certified Family and Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner to create an impact in the health and mental well being of individuals in diverse communities. By providing unconditional acceptance of their symptoms in a stigma free-environment and encouraging self-advocacy, I have been able to encourage physical, emotional, and mental health recovery. Through encouragement, acceptance, and advocacy my patients have found recovery that is meaningful and attainable, thereby influencing their personal desire for health promotion and self care.
At Thalia Medical Center we provide psychiatric medication management for substance use disorder, ADHD, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression ,PTSD, and OCD, amongst other conditions.
I have devoted my time caring for patients as a dual certified Family and Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner to create an impact in the health and mental well being of individuals in diverse communities. By providing unconditional acceptance of their symptoms in a stigma free-environment and encouraging self-advocacy, I have been able to encourage physical, emotional, and mental health recovery. Through encouragement, acceptance, and advocacy my patients have found recovery that is meaningful and attainable, thereby influencing their personal desire for health promotion and self care.
(484) 559-6809 View (484) 559-6809
Photo of Brave Counseling & Wellness, Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Brave Counseling & Wellness
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wyncote, PA 19095
You’ve been searching for help for a long time. You’ve tried every approach to find a psychiatrist, counselor, or coach you connect with. You’ve browsed countless websites and spoken in confidence to those you trust. You crave a real connection with a mental health professional—a person who understands you and has the expertise to help you achieve lasting change. You're looking for feedback and concrete tools. A clinician who affirms your values and who you are. We've got you if you're ready to dive in and do the real work! Our Brave mental health experts love working with teens, college students, young adults, and adults.
You’ve been searching for help for a long time. You’ve tried every approach to find a psychiatrist, counselor, or coach you connect with. You’ve browsed countless websites and spoken in confidence to those you trust. You crave a real connection with a mental health professional—a person who understands you and has the expertise to help you achieve lasting change. You're looking for feedback and concrete tools. A clinician who affirms your values and who you are. We've got you if you're ready to dive in and do the real work! Our Brave mental health experts love working with teens, college students, young adults, and adults.
(573) 766-4587 View (573) 766-4587
Photo of Complete Mind Care of Pa , Psychiatrist in Philadelphia, PA
Complete Mind Care of Pa
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Abington, PA 19001  (Online Only)
Dr. Richard Yudell is a licensed psychiatrist with 41 years of experience. He received his medical degree from Universitat di Bologna Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia in Bologna, Italy. After medical school, he completed his residency at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and is currently affiliated with Friends Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Yudell association with Complete Mind Care of PA allows him to work with CMC of PA providers to help diagnose and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
Dr. Richard Yudell is a licensed psychiatrist with 41 years of experience. He received his medical degree from Universitat di Bologna Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia in Bologna, Italy. After medical school, he completed his residency at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and is currently affiliated with Friends Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Yudell association with Complete Mind Care of PA allows him to work with CMC of PA providers to help diagnose and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
(215) 767-7444 View (215) 767-7444

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

Bipolar Disorder Psychiatrists

What is the most successful approach to treating bipolar disorder?

Living with bipolar disorder can be challenging, and a number of therapies have been found effective in providing support to patients as they gain the skills to understand and manage the disorder. Family-focused therapy is often helpful for children and teens (the majority of cases develop before age 19); it aims to minimize mood cycling by improving family communication and reducing conflict. It also helps young people navigate the developmental challenges the disorder can create. Cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT) and variants such as Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)help patients manage the thoughts and feelings that influence bipolar mood swings as well as develop specific behavioral strategies to counteract them.

What happens in therapy for bipolar disorder?

Because the patterns of mood switching and its triggers differ for each person and can change over time, mood tracking or monitoring becomes a basic way patients learn about the nature of their condition. One of the most common features of therapy is finding a workable method of mood monitoring, in which patients track their daily activities and rate their moods, then use the findings to adjust routines accordingly. Patients learn ways of handling the many stresses that arise in life so that they do not trigger mood swings.

What kinds of problems does therapy help with?

Like many other mental health disorders, BPD is heavily influenced by stress; therapy provides skills for coping with stressors of all kinds. Therapy is extremely important for helping individuals identify the situations that may trigger mood switching, so that mood swings can be prevented. Therapy may especially target recognition of the early stages of mood change so that they can be managed. In addition, therapy helps patients deal with the significant amount of turbulence the disorder can create in relationships and in work life.

What is the goal of therapy for bipolar disorder?

Therapy helps patients set up their lives to maintain stability so that their mood isn’t constantly threatened by daily events. Perhaps the first task of therapy is to educate people about the nature of the disorder. At the same time, a primary goal of therapy is to enhance adherence to drug treatment. Extended periods of mood stability can prompt patients to discontinue medication, triggering relapse, while the early phases of manic episodes can feel so energizing that patients stop medication, ushering in full-blown mania and the altered self-perception that can lead to destructive behaviors. Another major goal of therapy is to understand one’s mood patterns so as to minimize both the frequency and intensity of mood cycling.