Photo of Daniel Jon Kostalnick, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Daniel Jon Kostalnick
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pleasanton, CA 94566
CNS Medical Group, APMC is an independent psychiatric medical practice that offers a comprehensive and individualized approach to whole person health and wellness in a confidential private practice setting. Our patients include adolescents, adults and families with an emphasis on both medical management and psychotherapy.
CNS Medical Group, APMC is an independent psychiatric medical practice that offers a comprehensive and individualized approach to whole person health and wellness in a confidential private practice setting. Our patients include adolescents, adults and families with an emphasis on both medical management and psychotherapy.
(925) 481-5408 View (925) 481-5408

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Uchenna Okoye, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Uchenna Okoye
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Ramon, CA 94583  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is a challenging thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now, welcoming new patients!
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is a challenging thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now, welcoming new patients!
(408) 692-2379 View (408) 692-2379
Photo of Catalina Villa, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Catalina Villa
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
San Ramon, CA 94583  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is a challenging thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now, welcoming new patients!
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is a challenging thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now, welcoming new patients!
(408) 852-7953 View (408) 852-7953
Photo of Teresa Lee, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Teresa Lee
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA, CGP
Verified Verified
Hayward, CA 94552
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling "stuck" or even "paralyzed" in your career, daily life, or relationships (in areas even beyond romantic) are often why people seek me. My culturally open approach means we will understand how your past and present relationships, ideas, and feelings shape who you are today. I primarily offer psychodynamic and relational therapy and add in CBT, DBT, and mindfulness as needed. Talk therapy can lead to deep and lasting changes, and medications, when thoughtfully prescribed, can lessen the intensity of pain and suffering. With my medical and therapy resources, we will create an approach that lends itself to personal growth.
Feeling "stuck" or even "paralyzed" in your career, daily life, or relationships (in areas even beyond romantic) are often why people seek me. My culturally open approach means we will understand how your past and present relationships, ideas, and feelings shape who you are today. I primarily offer psychodynamic and relational therapy and add in CBT, DBT, and mindfulness as needed. Talk therapy can lead to deep and lasting changes, and medications, when thoughtfully prescribed, can lessen the intensity of pain and suffering. With my medical and therapy resources, we will create an approach that lends itself to personal growth.
(925) 690-1891 View (925) 690-1891
Photo of Sarah Schenk, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Pleasanton, CA
Sarah Schenk
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Danville, CA 94526  (Online Only)
As a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and Certified Integrative Mental Health Professional, I specialize in helping young professionals, healthcare workers and adults age 18-65 struggling with perfectionism, low self-worth, burnout, and a constant feeling of “tired but wired” achieve a more balanced and joyful life by offering a holistic approach to treatment.
As a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and Certified Integrative Mental Health Professional, I specialize in helping young professionals, healthcare workers and adults age 18-65 struggling with perfectionism, low self-worth, burnout, and a constant feeling of “tired but wired” achieve a more balanced and joyful life by offering a holistic approach to treatment.
(925) 477-2646 View (925) 477-2646

Online Psychiatrists

Photo of Cris Bissonnette, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Pleasanton, CA
Cris Bissonnette
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC, FNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
I use a trauma-informed approach when working with clients, taking into account not only symptoms but also the social, environmental, and cultural context of their experiences.
As a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I provide compassionate and competent care to everyone who comes into my office. My belief is that mental and emotional wellness is a nonlinear process, often characterized by periods of stability, growth, and occasional setbacks- and I am here to support clients in whatever stage they are in with compassion and non-judgment.
I use a trauma-informed approach when working with clients, taking into account not only symptoms but also the social, environmental, and cultural context of their experiences.
As a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I provide compassionate and competent care to everyone who comes into my office. My belief is that mental and emotional wellness is a nonlinear process, often characterized by periods of stability, growth, and occasional setbacks- and I am here to support clients in whatever stage they are in with compassion and non-judgment.
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Photo of Zlata Karga, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Pleasanton, CA
Zlata Karga
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Fairfield, CA 94533
I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) who specializes in treating psychological trauma, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and depression.
I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) who specializes in treating psychological trauma, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and depression.
(707) 940-2154 View (707) 940-2154
Photo of Gaea Pope-Daum, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Pleasanton, CA
Gaea Pope-Daum
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Roseville, CA 95661
My areas of interest include psychological trauma and attachment disorders, PTSD, mood disorders, addiction, the genetic and environmental factors contributing to mental illness, and a holistic approach to mental health treatment.
My interests in TMS and esketamine treatments stem from my belief that there is no one-size-fits-all to mental health treatment. I am interested in finding what works best for each individual, rather than relying exclusively on more traditional treatment modalities. My ideal patient is interested in pursuing personal wellness – whatever that may mean to them as an individual.
My areas of interest include psychological trauma and attachment disorders, PTSD, mood disorders, addiction, the genetic and environmental factors contributing to mental illness, and a holistic approach to mental health treatment.
My interests in TMS and esketamine treatments stem from my belief that there is no one-size-fits-all to mental health treatment. I am interested in finding what works best for each individual, rather than relying exclusively on more traditional treatment modalities. My ideal patient is interested in pursuing personal wellness – whatever that may mean to them as an individual.
(530) 431-2080 View (530) 431-2080
Photo of Paula C Lee, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Pleasanton, CA
Paula C Lee
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP, MS, MSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Hi there, I am a board certified nurse practitioner specialized in psychiatry. I have experience in treating mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, and attention issues. I work primarily with adult individuals.
Hi there, I am a board certified nurse practitioner specialized in psychiatry. I have experience in treating mood disorders, anxiety, trauma, and attention issues. I work primarily with adult individuals.
(415) 943-6395 View (415) 943-6395
Photo of Hina Fuller, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Hina Fuller
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I am a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who specializes in treating individuals with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit, victims of trauma, phase of life emotional turmoil, immigrant identity issues, and impact of social and environmental adversity. I have a special interest in working with individuals from diverse cultural, social, sexual, and ethnic backgrounds, while cultivating cultural humility.
I am a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who specializes in treating individuals with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit, victims of trauma, phase of life emotional turmoil, immigrant identity issues, and impact of social and environmental adversity. I have a special interest in working with individuals from diverse cultural, social, sexual, and ethnic backgrounds, while cultivating cultural humility.
(510) 319-0839 View (510) 319-0839
Photo of Gloria M Kardong, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Gloria M Kardong
Psychiatrist, MD, DLFAPA, DABPN
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
In addition, I have a specialty in Women's Health Care, eg pregnancy and postpartum- related problems, infertility, gynecologic oncology, menopause, PMS and other hormonal issues, PTSD/childhood sexual abuse, weight, eating disorders, sexuality and relationships.
I am a psychiatrist providing psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacology, depending on the client's needs. I believe that it is important to offer individualized care based on the client's specific problems, concerns and preferences. My style is warm, collaborative and interactive. I can help with a practical, solution-focused approach for current problems. I also do exploratory therapy to address unresolved issues from the past that may be interfering with living your life as fully as possible. My clients also seek depth therapy to promote personal growth, insight and self-awareness. LICENSED 20 STATES--Virtual Therapy and Med mgmt.
In addition, I have a specialty in Women's Health Care, eg pregnancy and postpartum- related problems, infertility, gynecologic oncology, menopause, PMS and other hormonal issues, PTSD/childhood sexual abuse, weight, eating disorders, sexuality and relationships.
I am a psychiatrist providing psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacology, depending on the client's needs. I believe that it is important to offer individualized care based on the client's specific problems, concerns and preferences. My style is warm, collaborative and interactive. I can help with a practical, solution-focused approach for current problems. I also do exploratory therapy to address unresolved issues from the past that may be interfering with living your life as fully as possible. My clients also seek depth therapy to promote personal growth, insight and self-awareness. LICENSED 20 STATES--Virtual Therapy and Med mgmt.
(650) 329-9465 View (650) 329-9465
Photo of Mayumi Okuda Benavides, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Mayumi Okuda Benavides
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Carmel, CA 93923  (Online Only)
As an internationally recognized expert in the treatment of anxiety (social anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety, panic disorder) and mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder), and trauma (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), I bring years of experience working with patients from around the world.
I want to congratulate you on taking the first steps towards self-improvement. You’ve tried everything: therapy, mindfulness, lifestyle changes, but are still struggling. I understand that making that first appointment can often be one of the biggest hurdles. As your psychiatrist, I will work closely with you every step of the way to determine the best treatment that is tailored specifically to your personal needs.
As an internationally recognized expert in the treatment of anxiety (social anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety, panic disorder) and mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder), and trauma (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), I bring years of experience working with patients from around the world.
I want to congratulate you on taking the first steps towards self-improvement. You’ve tried everything: therapy, mindfulness, lifestyle changes, but are still struggling. I understand that making that first appointment can often be one of the biggest hurdles. As your psychiatrist, I will work closely with you every step of the way to determine the best treatment that is tailored specifically to your personal needs.
(831) 539-0572 View (831) 539-0572
Photo of Sara Timtim, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Sara Timtim
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Direct online booking and open pricing. Since my undergrad years at Stanford, psychiatry has been my passion. I specialize in helping women gain agency in their romantic relationships by removing mental health obstacles. Treating conditions like PTSD and anxiety, and exploring root issues (eg childhood family experiences) empowers people to make sound, thoughtful decisions in choosing partners and nurturing fulfilling relationships. I take a psychodynamic + DBT skills approach alongside evidence-based medicine, grounded in the scientific literature.
Direct online booking and open pricing. Since my undergrad years at Stanford, psychiatry has been my passion. I specialize in helping women gain agency in their romantic relationships by removing mental health obstacles. Treating conditions like PTSD and anxiety, and exploring root issues (eg childhood family experiences) empowers people to make sound, thoughtful decisions in choosing partners and nurturing fulfilling relationships. I take a psychodynamic + DBT skills approach alongside evidence-based medicine, grounded in the scientific literature.
(415) 903-6988 View (415) 903-6988
Photo of Sham Singh, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Sham Singh
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now welcoming new patients!
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now welcoming new patients!
(650) 684-5546 View (650) 684-5546
Photo of Lisa Chan, Physician Assistant in Pleasanton, CA
Lisa Chan
Physician Assistant, PA-C
Verified Verified
San Mateo, CA 94404  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is a challenging thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now, welcoming new patients!
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is a challenging thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here, and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now, welcoming new patients!
(650) 910-6028 View (650) 910-6028
Photo of Carmela Zaragoza, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Pleasanton, CA
Carmela Zaragoza
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now welcoming new patients!
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, OCD, and gender dysphoria.
We know asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be. Now welcoming new patients!
(650) 547-8433 View (650) 547-8433
Photo of Amy Leung, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Amy Leung
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Albany, CA 94706
I am a board certified psychiatrist offering diagnostic evaluation and treatment in psychotherapy, medication-assisted psychotherapy, and medication management. After completing training at Duke University Medical Center, I engaged in further studies at San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis and at California Institute for Integral Studies. I have facility in multiple modalities and am engaged in discovering which one is most effective for you. I am especially interested in the experiences of first and second generation Americans, intergenerational trauma, and integration of non-ordinary states of consciousness.
I am a board certified psychiatrist offering diagnostic evaluation and treatment in psychotherapy, medication-assisted psychotherapy, and medication management. After completing training at Duke University Medical Center, I engaged in further studies at San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis and at California Institute for Integral Studies. I have facility in multiple modalities and am engaged in discovering which one is most effective for you. I am especially interested in the experiences of first and second generation Americans, intergenerational trauma, and integration of non-ordinary states of consciousness.
(510) 254-3237 View (510) 254-3237
Photo of Inti Flores, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Inti Flores
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
I treat a wide range of concerns including problems related to mood and anxiety, difficulties with intimacy and relationships, self-defeating behaviors, substance use problems, PTSD and complex forms of developmental trauma, challenging stage-of-life transitions, loss and bereavement, concerns regarding gender and sexuality, difficulties stemming from socially and culturally located trauma, living with pain and/or medical illness, as well as other problems adapting to stressful circumstances.
I treat a wide range of concerns including problems related to mood and anxiety, difficulties with intimacy and relationships, self-defeating behaviors, substance use problems, PTSD and complex forms of developmental trauma, challenging stage-of-life transitions, loss and bereavement, concerns regarding gender and sexuality, difficulties stemming from socially and culturally located trauma, living with pain and/or medical illness, as well as other problems adapting to stressful circumstances.
(831) 218-6902 View (831) 218-6902
Photo of Mottsin Thomas, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Mottsin Thomas
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301  (Online Only)
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and OCD.
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
Exclusively focused on mental health issues, Bonmente treats a myriad of psychiatric conditions including anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep disorders, postpartum depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and OCD.
ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS-Bonmente knows asking for help is not an easy thing to do. We also know that finding a provider you trust to help you navigate mental health care can be a challenge. That's why we're here and we're doing things differently. As a patient at Bonmente, you enjoy comprehensive treatments customized specifically for your unique circumstances, convenient telemedicine appointments that allow you to see your provider from the comfort of home, an online patient portal that lets you communicate directly with your provider, and a highly trained support team that makes becoming a patient as simple as it should be.
(650) 686-5441 View (650) 686-5441
Photo of Sharath Puttichanda, Psychiatrist in Pleasanton, CA
Sharath Puttichanda
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Elk Grove, CA 95758
I focus on depression including young adult-onset depression, anxiety, psychosis, trauma-related issues, and bipolar depression.
My passion stems from a deep-seated desire to help those in crisis or in need. I believe humans are complicated and not perfect all the time. All of those aspects make the whole person. I use my clinical skills to guide people in the right direction and build treatment plans to help my patients find relief from the suffering they may be experiencing. In working with patients, I meet them where they are emotionally and build a collaborative partnership to help each person live their happiest, best lives.
I focus on depression including young adult-onset depression, anxiety, psychosis, trauma-related issues, and bipolar depression.
My passion stems from a deep-seated desire to help those in crisis or in need. I believe humans are complicated and not perfect all the time. All of those aspects make the whole person. I use my clinical skills to guide people in the right direction and build treatment plans to help my patients find relief from the suffering they may be experiencing. In working with patients, I meet them where they are emotionally and build a collaborative partnership to help each person live their happiest, best lives.
(916) 758-9529 View (916) 758-9529

See more therapy options for Pleasanton

Trauma and PTSD Psychiatrists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.