Psychiatrists in Santa Monica, CA

Photo of Gregory Sayer, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Gregory Sayer
Psychiatrist, MD, DFAACAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90402  (Online Only)
Does not take health insurance- -Dr. Sayer is a board certified child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist who specializes in medication management and psychotherapy. All appointments are currently virtual. He is licensed in New York and California. He founded the group private practice, Ficus Psych. In private practice, he sees children, teens, and adults. Dr. Sayer understands that the best outcomes happen when patients and doctors work as a team. It is his mission to use his expertise, in combination with the unique characteristics of each patient, to empower patients to make meaningful progress in their lives.
Does not take health insurance- -Dr. Sayer is a board certified child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist who specializes in medication management and psychotherapy. All appointments are currently virtual. He is licensed in New York and California. He founded the group private practice, Ficus Psych. In private practice, he sees children, teens, and adults. Dr. Sayer understands that the best outcomes happen when patients and doctors work as a team. It is his mission to use his expertise, in combination with the unique characteristics of each patient, to empower patients to make meaningful progress in their lives.
(323) 746-1030 View (323) 746-1030
Photo of Amir E Ettekal, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Amir E Ettekal
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90401
*Offices in Hermosa Beach & Santa Monica.* I am a psychiatrist specialized in understanding both the biological and psychological factors of human emotions. I take the time to understand what my patients need and through a collaborative approach, we create a personalized treatment plan based on your unique needs. Through my work in clinical trials, I stay on the forefront of medication innovation and safety, giving me first-hand experience in the most effective, and safe treatments. Through my training in psychotherapy I continue to address the emotional and psychological aspects of that person.
*Offices in Hermosa Beach & Santa Monica.* I am a psychiatrist specialized in understanding both the biological and psychological factors of human emotions. I take the time to understand what my patients need and through a collaborative approach, we create a personalized treatment plan based on your unique needs. Through my work in clinical trials, I stay on the forefront of medication innovation and safety, giving me first-hand experience in the most effective, and safe treatments. Through my training in psychotherapy I continue to address the emotional and psychological aspects of that person.
(310) 341-2905 View (310) 341-2905
Photo of Joshua Flatow, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Joshua Flatow
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90401
We are committed to serving you and offer both traditional and state of the art approaches, guided by quality of life improvement and patient satisfaction.
Pacific Mind Health approaches mental health using a variety of evidence-based treatments including medication, psychotherapy, telemedicine, Spravato and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). We are excited to offer Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) - a revolutionary 3-minute procedure with equal or better efficacy to standard 40+ minute TMS protocols. We provide a thorough diagnostic evaluation to create a personalized treatment plan that will help guide you towards wellness. Please use this link for a free informational TMS session https://www.pacificmindhealth.com/tmsinfo.html
We are committed to serving you and offer both traditional and state of the art approaches, guided by quality of life improvement and patient satisfaction.
Pacific Mind Health approaches mental health using a variety of evidence-based treatments including medication, psychotherapy, telemedicine, Spravato and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). We are excited to offer Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS) - a revolutionary 3-minute procedure with equal or better efficacy to standard 40+ minute TMS protocols. We provide a thorough diagnostic evaluation to create a personalized treatment plan that will help guide you towards wellness. Please use this link for a free informational TMS session https://www.pacificmindhealth.com/tmsinfo.html
(424) 369-7982 View (424) 369-7982
Photo of Jacob Moussai, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Jacob Moussai
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90404
Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, ADHD or low self-esteem? Are you stuck in an unwanted repetitive pattern or struggling to find a healthy relationship? I will work with you to shift gears and overcome the obstacles which are holding you back. I use the appropriate treatment for your needs, i.e. psychotherapy and/or medications. I am a board-certified psychiatrist who completed my training at Yale School of Medicine. I provide a comprehensive evaluation using an integrated approach to care, and build on your strengths.
Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, ADHD or low self-esteem? Are you stuck in an unwanted repetitive pattern or struggling to find a healthy relationship? I will work with you to shift gears and overcome the obstacles which are holding you back. I use the appropriate treatment for your needs, i.e. psychotherapy and/or medications. I am a board-certified psychiatrist who completed my training at Yale School of Medicine. I provide a comprehensive evaluation using an integrated approach to care, and build on your strengths.
(310) 775-1866 View (310) 775-1866
Photo of Hope Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Hope Integrative Psychiatry
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403
If you would like to make an appointment or ask further questions you can also email us at admin@hopepsychiatry.com. Hope was founded to offer a more natural and complete way of helping people recover from mental illness. Blending together insights from the emerging sciences of Interpersonal Neurobiology and Evolutionary Psychology with more ancient practices that have evidence like Mindfulness,Breathwork and Yoga, we focus on shifting people’s consciousness from a disease model to one that empowers our innate capacity to heal and find meaning in our struggle towards wholeness and optimal health.
If you would like to make an appointment or ask further questions you can also email us at admin@hopepsychiatry.com. Hope was founded to offer a more natural and complete way of helping people recover from mental illness. Blending together insights from the emerging sciences of Interpersonal Neurobiology and Evolutionary Psychology with more ancient practices that have evidence like Mindfulness,Breathwork and Yoga, we focus on shifting people’s consciousness from a disease model to one that empowers our innate capacity to heal and find meaning in our struggle towards wholeness and optimal health.
(747) 205-1878 View (747) 205-1878

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Adel Mostafavi, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Adel Mostafavi
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
(310) 589-4299 View (310) 589-4299
Photo of Randall Bailey, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Randall Bailey
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
West Hollywood, CA 90069
Call us today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
Call us today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
(424) 396-1080 View (424) 396-1080
Photo of Randall Bailey, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Randall Bailey
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90036  (Online Only)
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
(424) 396-1266 View (424) 396-1266
Photo of Randall Bailey, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Randall Bailey
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
(424) 361-1932 View (424) 361-1932
Photo of Je Deuk Ko, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Je Deuk Ko
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90024
I take on the tradition of detailed discovery of your issues and turn it around to supporting you in how best to reach your emotional, relational, and cognitive potentials. I am versatile in, and offer, various treatment approaches such as DBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and psychodynamic therapy, as well as prescribing medications. I discuss the details of my Psycho-Bio-Social model integrated formulations before answering the scientific and functional rationales behind my recommendations. I believe the process of discovering your functional goal is the most important part of the process.
I take on the tradition of detailed discovery of your issues and turn it around to supporting you in how best to reach your emotional, relational, and cognitive potentials. I am versatile in, and offer, various treatment approaches such as DBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and psychodynamic therapy, as well as prescribing medications. I discuss the details of my Psycho-Bio-Social model integrated formulations before answering the scientific and functional rationales behind my recommendations. I believe the process of discovering your functional goal is the most important part of the process.
(310) 693-5837 View (310) 693-5837
Photo of Nwankaego Nwandei, Physician Assistant in Santa Monica, CA
Nwankaego Nwandei
Physician Assistant, PA
Verified Verified
Pacific Palisades, CA 90272  (Online Only)
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
(310) 526-3404 View (310) 526-3404
Photo of Sonia Parikh, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Sonia Parikh
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
West Los Angeles, CA 90025  (Online Only)
WEBSITE: www.parikhpsychiatry.com. I AM ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS!! I enjoy working with people who want to truly understand and heal the underlying wounds that are holding them back in their life. I work well with those who are curious about their minds and have a goal to function in their lives from a place of grounded trust in themselves. Given my extensive medical and psychological training, I provide comprehensive and compassionate care for the people I treat and am adept at helping people move successfully through a range of difficulties.
WEBSITE: www.parikhpsychiatry.com. I AM ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS!! I enjoy working with people who want to truly understand and heal the underlying wounds that are holding them back in their life. I work well with those who are curious about their minds and have a goal to function in their lives from a place of grounded trust in themselves. Given my extensive medical and psychological training, I provide comprehensive and compassionate care for the people I treat and am adept at helping people move successfully through a range of difficulties.
(424) 425-3950 View (424) 425-3950
Photo of Steve Khachi, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Steve Khachi
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
Dr. Khachi is a Stanford-trained child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist. He brings years of experience in neuroscience research and cutting-edge clinical care to the Los Angeles area. He is the founding President and Medical Director of Mind Study Center, offering world-class comprehensive psychological and psychiatric care in our community. He is known as an innovator in the field and for his expertise in psychopharmacology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and other evidenced-based treatments of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Dr. Khachi is a Stanford-trained child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist. He brings years of experience in neuroscience research and cutting-edge clinical care to the Los Angeles area. He is the founding President and Medical Director of Mind Study Center, offering world-class comprehensive psychological and psychiatric care in our community. He is known as an innovator in the field and for his expertise in psychopharmacology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), and other evidenced-based treatments of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
(626) 427-6591 View (626) 427-6591
Photo of WellPsyche Medical Group, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
WellPsyche Medical Group
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
El Segundo, CA 90245  (Online Only)
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
(424) 396-0386 View (424) 396-0386
Photo of Randall Bailey, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Randall Bailey
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Studio City, CA 91604  (Online Only)
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
Enroll as a client today! WellPsyche providers can help you regain control of your life and function at your best.
Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then welcome to WellPsyche! WellPsyche Medical Group provides experts in the field of Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. Our practice offers the latest in psychiatry including Telemedicine! Now you can visit with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of your home or work. Our providers take a Conservative and Effective approach to medication management and can help you balance your life.
(424) 361-1941 View (424) 361-1941
Photo of Julie M. Hall, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Julie M. Hall
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Every thousand mile journey begins with one step. Regardless of what you are going through, I am committed to creating the possibility of complete health and well-being for you. Using my expertise as a double board certified adult, child, and adolescent psychiatrist, I am able to flexibly address issues of all ages. In addition, my combined training in both psychotherapy and medication management ensures an integrated approach of both understanding the dynamics of one's individual situation and combining appropriate medication management when necessary.
Every thousand mile journey begins with one step. Regardless of what you are going through, I am committed to creating the possibility of complete health and well-being for you. Using my expertise as a double board certified adult, child, and adolescent psychiatrist, I am able to flexibly address issues of all ages. In addition, my combined training in both psychotherapy and medication management ensures an integrated approach of both understanding the dynamics of one's individual situation and combining appropriate medication management when necessary.
(424) 322-4361 View (424) 322-4361
Photo of Samer Mahdi Kamal, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Samer Mahdi Kamal
Psychiatrist, MD, ABPN
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90211  (Online Only)
"The most authentic thing about us is our capacity to create, to overcome, to endure, to transform, to love, and to be greater than our suffering." - Ben Okri Dr. Samer Kamal is a highly respected, licensed psychiatrist specializing in ADHD, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Panic Disorders in Beverly Hills and the Los Angeles area, and Palm Springs, California. Dr. Kamal completed his MD at Loma Linda University, followed by a residency at New York Medical College. Dr. Kamal is passionate about life and people whose goal is to heal the mind and make a real difference in his patients lives.
"The most authentic thing about us is our capacity to create, to overcome, to endure, to transform, to love, and to be greater than our suffering." - Ben Okri Dr. Samer Kamal is a highly respected, licensed psychiatrist specializing in ADHD, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Panic Disorders in Beverly Hills and the Los Angeles area, and Palm Springs, California. Dr. Kamal completed his MD at Loma Linda University, followed by a residency at New York Medical College. Dr. Kamal is passionate about life and people whose goal is to heal the mind and make a real difference in his patients lives.
(951) 488-6328 View (951) 488-6328
Photo of GT Healthcare, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Santa Monica, CA
GT Healthcare
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90001
Are racing thoughts keeping you up night? Tired of ER visits from panic attacks? Struggling to focus or pay attention ? Feeling overwhelmed in crowds? Overall lack of motivation or energy ? Do your emotions feel like a rollercoaster ? Spending more time on hold or waitlists instead of getting the card you need? Take the first step and Book a consultation today - leave the rest up to us! Every client gets a personal concierge and other exclusive benefits. Schedule to learn more.
Are racing thoughts keeping you up night? Tired of ER visits from panic attacks? Struggling to focus or pay attention ? Feeling overwhelmed in crowds? Overall lack of motivation or energy ? Do your emotions feel like a rollercoaster ? Spending more time on hold or waitlists instead of getting the card you need? Take the first step and Book a consultation today - leave the rest up to us! Every client gets a personal concierge and other exclusive benefits. Schedule to learn more.
(619) 639-8879 View (619) 639-8879
Photo of Nerdy Psychiatrist, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Nerdy Psychiatrist
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90016  (Online Only)
I am a Los Angeles based board certified child and adolescent psychiatrist and adult psychiatrist. I treat a variety of age ranges and diagnoses, and although primarily a telehealth provider, I am open to arranging home visits as well. Transitions are hard across age ranges, whether that is middle school into high school, change of jobs, change in romance, etc. Of importance to me are the changes in childhood and their long-term impact on social and academic development. I believe that early intervention can have major impacts later in life which led to me pursuing my child and adolescent fellowship.
I am a Los Angeles based board certified child and adolescent psychiatrist and adult psychiatrist. I treat a variety of age ranges and diagnoses, and although primarily a telehealth provider, I am open to arranging home visits as well. Transitions are hard across age ranges, whether that is middle school into high school, change of jobs, change in romance, etc. Of importance to me are the changes in childhood and their long-term impact on social and academic development. I believe that early intervention can have major impacts later in life which led to me pursuing my child and adolescent fellowship.
(310) 361-0067 View (310) 361-0067
Photo of Dr. Zohaib Abbasi, Psychiatrist in Santa Monica, CA
Dr. Zohaib Abbasi
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90210  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a board-certified psychiatrist offering convenient online video visits throughout California and currently accepting new patients. In addition to traditional psychiatric medications and psychotherapy, I specialize in an integrative patient-centered approach, using lifestyle changes and natural treatments that are supported by scientific evidence. I want you to feel empowered and have control over your treatment. I offer personalized care to individuals who want to get a more accurate diagnosis and minimize unnecessary medications.
Hi! I'm a board-certified psychiatrist offering convenient online video visits throughout California and currently accepting new patients. In addition to traditional psychiatric medications and psychotherapy, I specialize in an integrative patient-centered approach, using lifestyle changes and natural treatments that are supported by scientific evidence. I want you to feel empowered and have control over your treatment. I offer personalized care to individuals who want to get a more accurate diagnosis and minimize unnecessary medications.
(415) 409-9492 View (415) 409-9492

See more therapy options for Santa Monica

Life Coaching Psychiatrists

What can I expect from life coaching?

Clients and coaches will typically start by identifying the problem area(s) that the client hopes to address—then, the coach will help the client brainstorm potential solutions and explore concrete techniques to help the client attain their goals. Coaching is typically short-term and focused on finding solutions in the here and now, rather than exploring a client’s past. In addition to strategies aimed at the client’s specific concerns, coaches may encourage general stress management techniques such as meditation.

Can a life coach help treat anxiety?

Because the majority of life coaches are not licensed clinicians, they are not qualified to diagnose or treat anxiety. Anyone struggling with anxiety or another mental health condition should seek help from a licensed mental health practitioner. However, some coaching clients who struggle with subclinical anxiety report that working with their coach on other problems—such as career dissatisfaction or unhealthy habits—has a positive effect on their anxiety.

Can life coaching be done online?

Yes. While life coaching often happens in person, many coaches conduct sessions over the phone or via online platforms such as Zoom or Skype. Because life coaches are not subject to local licensing regulations in the same way that therapists are, they are able to see clients who live in other locations.

How long does life coaching last?

Life coaching tends to be a shorter-term process than therapy, though it does not always unfold over a specific period of time and is instead based on the coach’s or the client’s preferences. Coaching often takes place over three to 12 months but may be shorter or longer if necessary.