Psychiatrists in Virginia

Photo of Lewis A Winkler, Psychiatrist in Virginia
Lewis A Winkler
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Arlington, VA 22203
I work with a broad variety of patients and am very experienced in COMBINING and INTEGRATING individual, group, and couples psychotherapy with effective psychopharmacology,,, IF NEEDED I specialize in mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, both severe and more-moderate personality trait and style issues, and am also highly interested in helping people and couples grow out of "BINDS" they are in.. or... those that conflicting personality styles create,, I also specialize in workplace issues, work_created problems, vocational identity issues and have experience in E E O, Workers Comp, and other litigation
I work with a broad variety of patients and am very experienced in COMBINING and INTEGRATING individual, group, and couples psychotherapy with effective psychopharmacology,,, IF NEEDED I specialize in mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, both severe and more-moderate personality trait and style issues, and am also highly interested in helping people and couples grow out of "BINDS" they are in.. or... those that conflicting personality styles create,, I also specialize in workplace issues, work_created problems, vocational identity issues and have experience in E E O, Workers Comp, and other litigation
(202) 337-3444 View (202) 337-3444
Photo of Godaelli Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Godaelli Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-B
Verified Verified
McLean, VA 22102
Our providers are specialized in treating Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Trichotillomania, Tics, Tourette's syndrome, ADHD, Autism, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, PTSD, Panic disorder, Bipolar disorder, Intermittent Explosive disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Personality disorders, perinatal and post-natal mood disorders.
Godaelli Healthcare Services is transforming lives through holistic medication management and supportive therapy. Our team of experienced Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioners is dedicated to providing mental health treatment to children, teens, adults, and families. Whether your goal is to attain mental stability or you want to maintain stable mental health, our providers are equipped and ready to help. They treat our patients with empathy, compassion, and a deep understanding of both the biological and psychological details of psychiatric disorders and their associated symptoms.
Our providers are specialized in treating Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Trichotillomania, Tics, Tourette's syndrome, ADHD, Autism, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, PTSD, Panic disorder, Bipolar disorder, Intermittent Explosive disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Personality disorders, perinatal and post-natal mood disorders.
Godaelli Healthcare Services is transforming lives through holistic medication management and supportive therapy. Our team of experienced Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioners is dedicated to providing mental health treatment to children, teens, adults, and families. Whether your goal is to attain mental stability or you want to maintain stable mental health, our providers are equipped and ready to help. They treat our patients with empathy, compassion, and a deep understanding of both the biological and psychological details of psychiatric disorders and their associated symptoms.
(571) 339-5249 View (571) 339-5249
Photo of Dr. Sofia Rizwan, Psychiatrist in Virginia
Dr. Sofia Rizwan
Psychiatrist, MD, PC
Verified Verified
Burke, VA 22015
I treat all psychiatric disorders like ADHD, Addiction, Depression Anxiety, Job stress, Personal issues, Personality disorders, OCD, Affective disorders, PTSD.
I am a psychiatrist with more than fifteen years of experience as an adult Psychiatrist. I take most insurances and I am accepting new patients. I treat all psychiatric disorders including addiction and ADHD. My office is located in Burke, Virginia, 22015.
I treat all psychiatric disorders like ADHD, Addiction, Depression Anxiety, Job stress, Personal issues, Personality disorders, OCD, Affective disorders, PTSD.
I am a psychiatrist with more than fifteen years of experience as an adult Psychiatrist. I take most insurances and I am accepting new patients. I treat all psychiatric disorders including addiction and ADHD. My office is located in Burke, Virginia, 22015.
(703) 691-5945 View (703) 691-5945
Photo of Dr. Doris Cudjoe Owusu, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Dr. Doris Cudjoe Owusu
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, FNP-BC, PMHNP-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Stafford, VA 22554
I assess and treat depression, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, ADHD, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality disorders.
Dr. Owusu is a dual-certified and licensed Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) and Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) in the state of Virginia and Maryland. I have many years of experience working in healthcare and a background in working with young adult, and geriatric populations in both inpatient, outpatient, and community nursing. I am committed to providing comprehensive individualized care by focusing on the needs and struggles of my patients, and together we develop a personalized care plan which fits the patient's needs.
I assess and treat depression, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, ADHD, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality disorders.
Dr. Owusu is a dual-certified and licensed Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) and Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) in the state of Virginia and Maryland. I have many years of experience working in healthcare and a background in working with young adult, and geriatric populations in both inpatient, outpatient, and community nursing. I am committed to providing comprehensive individualized care by focusing on the needs and struggles of my patients, and together we develop a personalized care plan which fits the patient's needs.
(571) 556-9417 View (571) 556-9417
Photo of Brighter Pathways LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Brighter Pathways LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Mechanicsville, VA 23111  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My experience has given me the opportunity to work closely with children/adolescents experiencing symptoms of ADHD, autism, ODD, ID, depression, anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, personality disorders, schizophrenia and OCD.
Our focus is to help individuals improve their mental health and quality of life, as well as to heal and become aware of their inner strengths. We achieve this by providing a neutral, nonjudgmental, safe space and listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan. Now accepting new patients, no waiting list.
My experience has given me the opportunity to work closely with children/adolescents experiencing symptoms of ADHD, autism, ODD, ID, depression, anxiety, bipolar, PTSD, personality disorders, schizophrenia and OCD.
Our focus is to help individuals improve their mental health and quality of life, as well as to heal and become aware of their inner strengths. We achieve this by providing a neutral, nonjudgmental, safe space and listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan. Now accepting new patients, no waiting list.
(804) 465-9604 View (804) 465-9604
Photo of Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry, INC , Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry, INC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP-C, MSN, CRNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
We understand that individuals in need of services may not always prefer the clinical setting. We are giving them the chance to talk to mental health professionals at the comfort of their homes through a secure HIPAA compliant telemedicine platform. Each individual is unique, therefore, each treatment plan is individualized and created for you, with you. We encourage your involvement to enrich understanding regarding your needs while rendering an empathetic approach to your care. Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry brings a wide array of treatment modalities and depth of experience to provide the most comprehensive care to all clients.
We understand that individuals in need of services may not always prefer the clinical setting. We are giving them the chance to talk to mental health professionals at the comfort of their homes through a secure HIPAA compliant telemedicine platform. Each individual is unique, therefore, each treatment plan is individualized and created for you, with you. We encourage your involvement to enrich understanding regarding your needs while rendering an empathetic approach to your care. Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry brings a wide array of treatment modalities and depth of experience to provide the most comprehensive care to all clients.
(571) 308-8243 View (571) 308-8243
Photo of New Life LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
New Life LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23226
Established in 2009, New Life, LLC is a community based mental health services company. We are committed to developing and using the best behavioral health practices and continuous quality improvement measures, which will define our highest standard of care and ensure the optimal outcome for each client and family we serve.
Established in 2009, New Life, LLC is a community based mental health services company. We are committed to developing and using the best behavioral health practices and continuous quality improvement measures, which will define our highest standard of care and ensure the optimal outcome for each client and family we serve.
(804) 534-2084 View (804) 534-2084
Photo of Trish Parker, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Trish Parker
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC, DNP-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
As a retired military provider, I firmly believe that every individual deserves to lead a fulfilling life, irrespective of their race, religion, sexuality, nationality, or age. I am drawn to clients who are driven to effect positive changes in their lives and are willing to invest their time and energy in achieving their aspirations. What they all have in common is a desire to plant the seeds of change and growth. As your provider, I help nurture those seeds, providing guidance, support, and accountability. Together, we work to cultivate a life that is fulfilling, purposeful, and meaningful.
As a retired military provider, I firmly believe that every individual deserves to lead a fulfilling life, irrespective of their race, religion, sexuality, nationality, or age. I am drawn to clients who are driven to effect positive changes in their lives and are willing to invest their time and energy in achieving their aspirations. What they all have in common is a desire to plant the seeds of change and growth. As your provider, I help nurture those seeds, providing guidance, support, and accountability. Together, we work to cultivate a life that is fulfilling, purposeful, and meaningful.
(757) 260-3609 View (757) 260-3609
Photo of Ashburn Psychological Services, Psychiatrist in Virginia
Ashburn Psychological Services
Psychiatrist
Verified Verified
Ashburn, VA 20147
Ashburn Psychological and Psychiatric Services has some of Loudoun County's leading child, adolescent, adult and forensic psychiatrists to treat and diagnose clients for improved mental well being. Over the past few decades, one of the bona fide revolutions in mental health treatment has involved the use of modern, FDA-approved medications for certain mental disorders.
Ashburn Psychological and Psychiatric Services has some of Loudoun County's leading child, adolescent, adult and forensic psychiatrists to treat and diagnose clients for improved mental well being. Over the past few decades, one of the bona fide revolutions in mental health treatment has involved the use of modern, FDA-approved medications for certain mental disorders.
(703) 957-7963 View (703) 957-7963
Photo of Ocean Psychiatric Group, P.C., Psychiatrist in Virginia
Ocean Psychiatric Group, P.C.
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Ocean Psychiatric Group P.C, is a collaborative group of Neurological and Mental Health professionals who will serve your needs with competence, integrity and compassion. We are a group of individuals licensed in Psychiatry, Neurology, Clinical Psychology, Professional Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy, Clinical Social Work, Neuropsychological and Psychological Testing. Our practice is complemented by Prescribing Nurse Practitioners, Board Certified in Psychiatric and Family Medicine . We are committed to provide excellent patient care within our specialties, in a confidential and comfortable environment.
Ocean Psychiatric Group P.C, is a collaborative group of Neurological and Mental Health professionals who will serve your needs with competence, integrity and compassion. We are a group of individuals licensed in Psychiatry, Neurology, Clinical Psychology, Professional Counseling, Marriage and Family Therapy, Clinical Social Work, Neuropsychological and Psychological Testing. Our practice is complemented by Prescribing Nurse Practitioners, Board Certified in Psychiatric and Family Medicine . We are committed to provide excellent patient care within our specialties, in a confidential and comfortable environment.
(757) 799-4575 View (757) 799-4575
Photo of East Coast Telepsychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
East Coast Telepsychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN
Verified Verified
Lottsburg, VA 22511  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Amy Pharr, a Family Nurse Practitioner of 29 years and a Family Psychiatric Mental Health NP of 19 years comfortable with seeing clients of all ages with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, ADHD, Impulse Control Disorders, and PTSD. My ideal client would have some sort of trauma history - whether it be mental, sexual, physical, or emotional -- needing medication management and therapy. I see people in NY, FL, SC and Virginia. My clients want to be able to sleep, go about their day without flashbacks or affect from triggers, and to merely live with some sort of pleasure and "normalcy" in life.
Hello, I am Amy Pharr, a Family Nurse Practitioner of 29 years and a Family Psychiatric Mental Health NP of 19 years comfortable with seeing clients of all ages with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, ADHD, Impulse Control Disorders, and PTSD. My ideal client would have some sort of trauma history - whether it be mental, sexual, physical, or emotional -- needing medication management and therapy. I see people in NY, FL, SC and Virginia. My clients want to be able to sleep, go about their day without flashbacks or affect from triggers, and to merely live with some sort of pleasure and "normalcy" in life.
(843) 960-3155 View (843) 960-3155
Photo of Marci Bowen, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Marci Bowen
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, -BC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chesapeake, VA 23320
**Currently accepting new clients for, medication management, on a case-by-case basis** Life can be difficult and challenge us in many ways. Sometimes we are unable to just “shake it off” or “try harder” to not feel a certain way. That’s where I come in. I believe in working as a team to gain symptom control and get life back on track. Medications are beneficial to manage acute symptoms while the real foundational work is done in therapy. I approach each client holistically and tailor care to your specific needs. If you're ready to do the work then I'm here for the journey.
**Currently accepting new clients for, medication management, on a case-by-case basis** Life can be difficult and challenge us in many ways. Sometimes we are unable to just “shake it off” or “try harder” to not feel a certain way. That’s where I come in. I believe in working as a team to gain symptom control and get life back on track. Medications are beneficial to manage acute symptoms while the real foundational work is done in therapy. I approach each client holistically and tailor care to your specific needs. If you're ready to do the work then I'm here for the journey.
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Photo of Ashraf Sefain, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Ashraf Sefain
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I'm a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. Fluent in English and Arabic, I offer culturally sensitive care for a wide range of mental health issues in children, adolescents, and adults. With experience in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatry, I provide diagnostic, therapy, and medication management services. I'm also an adjunct professor at George Washington School of Nursing. Let's work together towards healing, growth, and a more meaningful life.
I'm a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. Fluent in English and Arabic, I offer culturally sensitive care for a wide range of mental health issues in children, adolescents, and adults. With experience in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatry, I provide diagnostic, therapy, and medication management services. I'm also an adjunct professor at George Washington School of Nursing. Let's work together towards healing, growth, and a more meaningful life.
(571) 470-8354 View (571) 470-8354
Photo of Chiquita Collins, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Chiquita Collins
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP , BC
Verified Verified
Newport News, VA 23606
The weight of the world, life, work, marriage and family can be difficult to navigate. Np Collins leads with nonjudgment, grace and genuine intentions. Every client receives undivided attention, thoughtfulness and proper research to develop a person centered treatment plan. We work in a setting combined practice performing person centered treatment with a staff of Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners who specialize in conducting psychiatric evaluations, diagnosing and treating individuals with psychiatric disorders across the lifespan and therapists who provide individual therapy using an array of treatment modalties.
The weight of the world, life, work, marriage and family can be difficult to navigate. Np Collins leads with nonjudgment, grace and genuine intentions. Every client receives undivided attention, thoughtfulness and proper research to develop a person centered treatment plan. We work in a setting combined practice performing person centered treatment with a staff of Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners who specialize in conducting psychiatric evaluations, diagnosing and treating individuals with psychiatric disorders across the lifespan and therapists who provide individual therapy using an array of treatment modalties.
(757) 720-2996 View (757) 720-2996
Photo of Sophia Gizaw, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Sophia Gizaw
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-B, MSN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
As a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I offer medication management and supportive therapy for people with conditions such as Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar disorder, OCD, ADHD, Panic disorder, PTSD, Borderline Personality disorder, Autism, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Oppositional defiant disorder, etcetera. With more than ten years of experience in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric and mental health services, I am solution-oriented and culturally sensitive. I treat my patients with empathy, compassion, and respect.
As a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I offer medication management and supportive therapy for people with conditions such as Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar disorder, OCD, ADHD, Panic disorder, PTSD, Borderline Personality disorder, Autism, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Oppositional defiant disorder, etcetera. With more than ten years of experience in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric and mental health services, I am solution-oriented and culturally sensitive. I treat my patients with empathy, compassion, and respect.
(571) 556-9335 View (571) 556-9335
Photo of VirtualPsychiatricCare.com, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
VirtualPsychiatricCare.com
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Newport News, VA 23601  (Online Only)
I am board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients in Virginia via telehealth visits for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make an appointment on our website today. Evening and weekend hours are available. We offer affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurance plans.
I am board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients in Virginia via telehealth visits for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make an appointment on our website today. Evening and weekend hours are available. We offer affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurance plans.
(833) 338-0567 View (833) 338-0567
Photo of VirtualPsychiatricCare.com, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
VirtualPsychiatricCare.com
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN
Verified Verified
Virginia Beach, VA 23464  (Online Only)
I am board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients via telehealth visits for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website today. Evening and weekend hours are available. We offer affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurances.
I am board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients via telehealth visits for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website today. Evening and weekend hours are available. We offer affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurances.
(833) 306-0920 View (833) 306-0920
Photo of Steven Phillips, Psychiatrist in Virginia
Steven Phillips
Psychiatrist, DO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
The primary focus of my practice is seeing children and adolescents, though I see adults as well. I have experience treating a wide range of conditions, with particular expertise in ADHD, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, as well as Autism. I provide a diagnostic evaluation, and then work with you to determine the preferred treatment strategy, whether it involves therapy, evidenced-based medication management, or both.
The primary focus of my practice is seeing children and adolescents, though I see adults as well. I have experience treating a wide range of conditions, with particular expertise in ADHD, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, as well as Autism. I provide a diagnostic evaluation, and then work with you to determine the preferred treatment strategy, whether it involves therapy, evidenced-based medication management, or both.
(434) 325-5681 View (434) 325-5681
Photo of Georgina Coca, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Georgina Coca
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
As a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I treat people struggling with Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD, Bipolar disorder, Panic disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, PTSD, Borderline personality disorder, and Eating disorder. With over eight years of experience in outpatient and in-patient psychiatric and Mental Health services, I am solution-oriented. My approach embodies my core values of humility, respect, honesty, reliability, motivation, and consistency. I treat my clients with utmost care, active listening, and education. I start medication with the lowest dose for tolerability and adjust as needed.
As a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I treat people struggling with Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD, Bipolar disorder, Panic disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, PTSD, Borderline personality disorder, and Eating disorder. With over eight years of experience in outpatient and in-patient psychiatric and Mental Health services, I am solution-oriented. My approach embodies my core values of humility, respect, honesty, reliability, motivation, and consistency. I treat my clients with utmost care, active listening, and education. I start medication with the lowest dose for tolerability and adjust as needed.
(571) 450-9127 View (571) 450-9127
Photo of Ibrahim Iftoni, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Virginia
Ibrahim Iftoni
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Ibrahim Iftoni is a board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner that started his career 15 years ago in the healthcare field. He got his Nursing degree at the University of Texas at Arlington and worked in several hospitals and long term care facilities as a geriatric/psychiatric/ICU and occupational health nurse. Iftoni felt a special connection with the psychiatric population and decided to pursue a career in psychiatry. He got his master's degree at Walden University and is embracing the opportunity to make life better for the people in his community.
Ibrahim Iftoni is a board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner that started his career 15 years ago in the healthcare field. He got his Nursing degree at the University of Texas at Arlington and worked in several hospitals and long term care facilities as a geriatric/psychiatric/ICU and occupational health nurse. Iftoni felt a special connection with the psychiatric population and decided to pursue a career in psychiatry. He got his master's degree at Walden University and is embracing the opportunity to make life better for the people in his community.
(540) 340-9647 x1003 View (540) 340-9647 x1003
Personality Disorders Psychiatrists

What are the common treatment options for personality disorders?

Personality disorders are typically treated with psychotherapy, sometimes in conjunction with medication. Therapy can help people with personality disorders develop skills to tolerate difficult emotions, navigate interpersonal relationships, and solidify their sense of self. Medications can treat symptoms that co-occur with the disorder, such as depression, anger, aggression, and impulsivity.

When to seek treatment for personality disorders?

Even though treatment for personality disorders can be an uphill battle, it’s best to seek help if you suspect that you or a loved one is struggling with one, because personality disorders can create substantial problems in life. Symptoms depend on the specific disorder, but overall signs of personality disorders include consistent difficulty maintaining close relationships, dramatic variations in self-esteem, and an unstable sense of identity.

How long does therapy take for personality disorders?

The timeline for treating personality disorders isn’t as clear-cut as it is for other disorders. Change can be difficult, taking from around one year to five, 10, or more. The key is finding a therapist who has extensive experience treating the relevant disorder. For example, a psychologist who specializes in narcissistic personality disorder has specific communication strategies that allow them to sustain the relationship and be more effective with narcissistic patients.

Can therapy help people with personality disorders?

Research suggests that for those who are motivated to address concerns or interpersonal conflict related to a personality disorder, therapy is far more effective than no treatment, and that most people in therapy see improvements. However, since personality disorders involve entrenched elements of identity, they are less responsive to treatment than are other mental health conditions. Finding an expert who has extensive experience working with a given personality disorder is one factor that increases the likelihood of successful treatment.